1. Volume 15, Issue 1, Pages 65-74 (January 2018)
Incidence and significance of adhesions encountered during epicardial mapping and ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with no history of prior cardiac surgery or pericarditis 
Anthony Li, MBBS, BSc, MD, Eric Buch, MD, FHRS, Noel G. Boyle, MD, PhD, FHRS, Kalyanam Shivkumar, MD, PhD, FHRS, Jason S. Bradfield, MD, FHRS 
Heart Rhythm 
Volume 15, Issue 1, Pages (January 2018)
DOI: /j.hrthm
Copyright © 2017 Heart Rhythm Society Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Visualization of adhesions on biplane fluoroscopy after contrast pericardiography. The J-tipped guide wire can be seen to buckle in the presence of adhesions, which are highlighted by contrast pooling (dashed line). CS = coronary sinus; His = His catheter; LAO = left anterior oblique; Quad = quadripolar catheter; RAO = right anterior oblique.
Heart Rhythm  , 65-74DOI: ( /j.hrthm )
Copyright © 2017 Heart Rhythm Society Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Fluoroscopic images of an epicardial access that was initially unsuccessful due to adhesions requiring a separate apical puncture to gain access. A and B: Staining of pericardium marks the initial unsuccessful puncture site 1. Contrast pooling and wire buckling confirms presence of adhesions. C: Corresponding 3-dimensional geometry in orthogonal views of the same patient, demonstrating incomplete epicardial geometry creation due to adhesions. D: Voltage map of the mapped epicardial surface (0.5–1.0 mV). LAO = left anterior oblique; LL = left lateral; LV = left ventricle; RAO = right anterior oblique.
Heart Rhythm  , 65-74DOI: ( /j.hrthm )
Copyright © 2017 Heart Rhythm Society Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Flowchart showing the incidence of adhesions at first epicardial access.
Heart Rhythm  , 65-74DOI: ( /j.hrthm )
Copyright © 2017 Heart Rhythm Society Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Kaplan-Meier curve of ventricular tachycardia–free survival in the presence and absence of adhesions.
Heart Rhythm  , 65-74DOI: ( /j.hrthm )
Copyright © 2017 Heart Rhythm Society Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Kaplan-Meier curve for the combined end point of ventricular tachycardia recurrence, transplant/ventricular assist device implantation, or death.
Heart Rhythm  , 65-74DOI: ( /j.hrthm )
Copyright © 2017 Heart Rhythm Society Terms and Conditions

7. Figure 6
Flowchart demonstrating the incidence of adhesions after repeat epicardial access.
Heart Rhythm  , 65-74DOI: ( /j.hrthm )
Copyright © 2017 Heart Rhythm Society Terms and Conditions