1. Cell Specialization and Cell Communication
Goal 2.02: Investigate and describe the structure and function of cells, including cell specialization and communication among cells within and organism.

2. Levels of Organization
Organ System OrganTissueCell

3. Cell Specialization

4. Cell Specialization

5. Cell Specialization

6. Cell Specialization Cells are the building blocks of all organisms
Sometimes a single cell is not just part of the organisms but it is the whole organism.
Unicellular Organisms: an organism made up of one cell
Does everything that you would expect a living thing to do
ex. Protists

7. Cell Specialization
Multicellular Organisms: an organism that is made up of many cells
Depends on communication and coordination because they have specialized cells
Cell Specialization: cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks.
Example: brain cells and heart cells

8. What kind of cells do multicellular organisms have?

9. What kind of cells do multicellular organisms have?
Organisms that are made of more than one cell.

10. What kind of cells do multicellular organisms have?
Organisms that are made of more than one cell.
Why does a multicellular organism need specialized cells?

11. What kind of cells do multicellular organisms have?
Organisms that are made of more than one cell.
Why does a multicellular organism need specialized cells? (ADD to NOTES!)
In order to be efficient and get the job done!

12. What kind of cells do multicellular organisms have?
What makes the cells in a multicellular organism different from one another?
All cells in an organism have the same DNA.

13. What kind of cells do multicellular organisms have?
What makes the cells in a multicellular organism different from one another?
All cells in an organism have the same DNA.
Instructions in DNA lead to: some cells in a multicellular organism becoming different because different parts of their DNA is turned “on” or “off.”
This results in cells that are specialized to perform specific functions in multicellular organisms

14. What kind of cells do multicellular organisms have?
Why are some cells shaped a certain way?

15. What kind of cells do multicellular organisms have?
A cell’s structure is related its function.

16. What kind of cells do multicellular organisms have?
A cell’s structure is related its function.
In other words, a cell’s shape is specially designed so that the cell can do its job!

17. Types of Specialized Cells
This type of cell sends and receives messages from the brain. It is specialized for communication.

18. Types of Specialized Cells
This type of cell sends and receives messages from the brain. It is specialized for communication.
Neuron (aka nerve cell)
Synapses

19. Types of Specialized Cells
This type of cell is specialized for carrying oxygen in the blood. It contains a protein called ____ which helps it carry oxygen.

20. Types of Specialized Cells
Red blood cell: This type of cell is specialized for carrying oxygen in the blood. It contains a protein called hemoglobin which helps it carry oxygen.

21. Types of Specialized Cells
This type of cell helps protect the outside of our body. These cells divide a lot to make more of them, since we lose these cells all time as ____.

22. Types of Specialized Cells
Skin cells: This type of cell helps protect the outside of our body. These cells divide a lot to make more of them, since we lose these cells all time as dust.

23. Types of Specialized Cells
___________: This type of cell contains a lot of mitochondria because they need to use a lot of energy.

24. Types of Specialized Cells
Muscle cells: This type of cell contains a lot of mitochondria because they need to use a lot of energy.

25. Types of Specialized Cells
_________: This type of cell has a “tail” aka _____ that helps it swim.

26. Types of Specialized Cells
Sperm cell: This type of cell has a “tail” aka flagellum that helps it swim.

27. Types of Specialized Cells
______________: This is a type of tissue in plants that helps transport things. There are 2 types.

28. The cells in a multicellular organism communicate with one another.
Why do a multicellular organism’s cells need to be able to communicate with one another?

29. The cells in a multicellular organism communicate with one another.
Why do the cells in a multicellular organism need to be able to “talk” with one another?
One main reason – In order to maintain homeostasis.

30. The cells in a multicellular organism communicate with one another.
Why do the cells in a multicellular organism need to be able to “talk” with one another?
One main reason – In order to maintain homeostasis.
How do cells communicate?
Cells communicate with chemicals.

31. The cells in a multicellular organism communicate with one another.
Why do the cells in a multicellular organism need to be able to “talk” with one another?
One main reason – Maintain homeostasis.
How do cells communicate?
With chemicals!
Two types: Hormones and Neurotransmitters

32. The cells in a multicellular organism communicate with one another.
Hormones:
Released into the bloodstream.
Often used to transmit messages to cells that are not close together.
Examples: Adrenaline, insulin.

33. The cells in a multicellular organism communicate with one another.
Neurotransmitters:
Chemicals that transmit messages between cells that are right next to one another.
Examples: Dopamine, histamine.

34. The cells in a multicellular organism communicate with one another.
How do hormones and neurotransmitters work? (ADD to NOTES!)
In order for the “message” to be received, the receiving cell needs a receptor that recognizes the hormone or neurotransmitter.
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