1. Research Methodology
M.L.A Style

2. “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,” wrote Charles Dickens.
Joseph Conrad writes: “He was obeyed, yet he inspired neither love nor fear, nor even respect.”
“He was obeyed,” writes Joseph Conrad, “yet he inspired neither love nor fear, nor even respect.”
The author believes that “a thing of beauty is a joy for ever.”

3. Paranthetical Documentation

4. References those are part of the Text
Prose
Fanon has argued this point (178).
This point has already been argued (Fanon 178).
Others, like Jakobson and Waugh (210-15), hold the opposite point of view.
It may be true, as Robertson maintains, that “in the appreciation of medieval art the attitude of the observer is of primary importance” (136).
It may be true that “in the appreciation of midieval art the attitude of the observer is of primary importance” (Robertson 136).
Only Daiches has seen this relation (2: ).

5. References those are part of the Text
Poetry
In “Memories of West Street and Lepke,” Robert Lowell, a conscientious objector (or C.O), recounts meeting a Jehovah’s witness in prison: “ ‘are you a C.O?’ I asked a fellow jailbird./ ‘No,’ he answered, ‘I am a J.W. instead’ ” (38-39).

6. References set off or Indented
Prose
John K. Mahon adds a further insight to our understanding of the war of 1812:
Financing the war was very difficult at the
time. Baring Brothers, a banking firm of
the enemy country, handled routine accounts
for the United States overseas, but the firm
would take on no loans. (385)

7. References set off or Intended
Poetry
Elizabeth Bishop’s “In the Waiting Room” is rich in evocative detail:
It was winter. It got dark
early. The waiting room
was full of grown-up people,
articles and overcoats,
lamps and magazines. (6-10)

8. References Indented-Drama
Marguerite Duras’s screenplay for Hiroshima mon amour suggests at the outset the profound difference between observation and experience: HE. You saw nothing in Hiroshima. Nothing SHE. I saw everything. Everything.... The hospital, for instance, I saw it. I’m sure I did. There is a hospital in Hiroshima. How could I help seeing it? ( ) See how unkind Lear’s daughters are: GONERIL. Hear my lord. What need you five-and-twenty, ten or five, To follow in a house where twice so many Have a command to tend you? REGAN. What need one? LEAR. O, reason not the need! ( )

9. More than one work by the same author
Shakespeare’s King Lear has been called a “comedy of the
grotesque” (Fry, Anatomy 237).
For Northrop Fry, one’s death is not a unique experience, for “every moment we have lived through we have also died out of into another order” (Double Vision 85).

10. More than one author with the same second name
Add the first initial.
Eg. (A. Patterson 485)
(L. Patterson 258)
If the initials are also the same, write the full first name.
Eg. (Henry Vaughan 84)
(Herbert Vaughan 254)

11. Co-authored by more than one
If there are two or three authors, write all the last names separated by comas.
eg. (Millet, Greenberg, and Olander 7)
If there are more than three authors, give the first author’s last name followed by et al.
eg. (Millet et al. 236)

12. Web material with no pagination
Give the second name of the author.
eg. (Everett)
If the author is also not known give the name of the website
eg. (wikipaedia)

13. Ellipsis
Omission of parts of a quotation with three periods(dots) with a space before each and a space after the last

14. Ellipsis in the middle
In surveying various responses to the plagues in the Middle Ages, Barbara W. Tuchman writes, “Medical thinking stressed air as the communicator of disease, ignoring sanitation or visible carriers” (101-02).

15. Ellipsis at the end
In surveying various responses to the plagues in the Middle Ages, Barbara W. Tuchman writes, “Medical thinking, trapped in the theory of astral influences ”
In surveying various responses to the plagues in the Middle Ages, Barbara W. Tuchman writes, “Medical thinking, trapped in the theory of astral influences . . .” (101-02).

16. Omitting a complete sentence
Presidential control reached its zenith under Andrew Jackson, the extent of whose attention to the press even before he became a candidate is suggested by the fact that he subscribed to twenty newspapers For a time, the United States Telegraph and the Washington Globe were almost equally favoured as party organs, and there were fifty-seven journalists on the government pay roll. (7)
Note: This is an indented Quotation

17. Omission from the middle of one sentence to the end of another
In discussing the historical relation between politics and the press, William M. Rivers notes, “Presidential control reached its zenith under Andrew Jackson For a time, the United States Telegraph and the Washington Globe were almost equally favoured as party organs, and there were fifty-seven journalists on the government pay roll” (7).

18. Omission from the middle of one sentence to the middle of another
In discussing the historical relation between politics and the press, William M. Rivers notes, “Presidential control reached its zenith under Andrew Jackson there were fifty-seven journalists on the government pay roll” (7).

19. Ellipsis in Poetry
In Worcester, Massachusetts, I went with aunt Consuelo To keep her dentist’s appointment And sat and waited for her In the dentist’s waiting room. It was winter. It got dark early. The waiting room Was full of grown-up people (1-8)
In Worcester, Massachusetts, I went with aunt Consuelo To keep her dentist’s appointment It was winter. It got dark early. (1-3, 6-7)

20. Bibliography

21. Books
Johnson, Roberta. Gender and Nation in the Spanish Modernist Novel. Nashville: Vanderbilt UP, Print. Shell, Marc, ed. American Babel: Literatures of the United States from Abnaki to Zuni. Cambridge: Harward UP, Print. Davis, Anita Price, comp. North Carolina During the Great Dipression: A Documentary Portrait of a Decade. Jefferson: McFarland, Print. Kepner, Susan Fulop, ed. and trans. The Lioness in Bloom: Modern Thai Fiction about Women. Berkley: U of California P, Print. Hutcheon, Linda, and Michael Hutcheon. Bodily Charm: Living Opera. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, Print. Booth, Wayne C., Gregory G. Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams. The Craft of Research. 2nd ed. Chicago: U ofChicago P, Print. Broer, Lawrence, et al. Hemingway and Women: Female Critics and Female Voice. Tascaloosa: U of Alabama P, Mendoza, Plinio Apuleyo. The Fragrance of Guava. Trans. Ann Wright. Londan: Verso, Print. Austen, Jane. Sense and Sensibility. Ed. Claudia Johnson. New York: Norton, Print.

22. Work in an anthology
Allende, Isabelle. “Toad’s Mouth.” Trans. Margaret Sayers Peden. A Hammock Beneath the Mangoes: Stories from Latin America. New York: Vintage, Print.

23. Article in a Scholarly Journal
Epstein, Joseph. “How Good is Gabriel Garcia Marquez?” Commentary 75.5 (1983): Print. Wood, Michael. “I’ve been Reading Latin American Mirages.” Columbia Forum 13.2 (1970):

24. Article in a magazine Weintraub, Arlene,and Laura Cohen. “A Thousand
Year Plan for Nuclear Waste.” Business Week
6 May 2002: Print.

25. A Review Bordewich, Fergus M. Rev. of Once They Moved
Like the Wind, by David Roberts.
Smithsonian March 1994: Print.
“Racial Stereotype Busters: Black Scientists who Made
a Difference.” Rev. of American Science Leaders.
Journal of Blacks in Higher Education 25(1999):
Print.
Tommasini, Anthony. “A Feminist Look at
Sophocles.” Rev. of Jocasta, dir. Ruth
Sconthal and Helene Cixous. Voice and
Vision Theatre Company, New York.
New York Times 11 June 1998: Print.

26. An Anonymous Article “It Barks, It Kicks, It Scores!” Newsweek 30
July 2001: 12. Print.

27. An Editorial Gergen, David. “A Question of Values.”
Editorial. US News and World Report 11 Feb.
2002: 72. Print.
“ It’s Subpoena Times.” Editorial. New York Times 8 June 2007: 10. Print.

28. A Letter to the Editor Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr. Letter. New York
Review of Books 8 April 2004: 84. Print.

29. Interview
Antin, David. Interview by Charles Bernstein. Darkley Archive Press. Darkley Archive P, n.d. Web. 21 Aug

30. Web Publications
Eaves, Morris,Robert Essick, and Joseph Viscomi, eds. The William Blake Archive. Lib. Of Cong., 28 Sept Antin, David. Interview by Charles Bernstein. Darkley Archive Press. Darkley Archive P, n.d. Web. 21 Aug “de Cooning, Willem.” Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Web. 15 May Quade, Alex. “Elite Team Rescues Troopd Behind Enemy Lines.” CNN.com. Cable News Network,19 March Web. 15 May “The Scientists Speak.” Editorial. New York Times. New York Times, 20 Nov Web. 15 May 2008.

31. Film or Movie
It’s a Wonderful Life. Dir. Frank Kapra. Perf. James Stewart, Donna Read, Lionell Baritome, and Thomas Mitchell. R.K.O, Film.

32. A Performance Heartbreak House. By George Bernard Shaw.
Dir. Robin Lefevre. Perf. Philip Bosco and
Swoosie Kurtz. Roundabout Theatre
Company. Airlines Theatre, New York.
1 Oct Performance.
South African Suite. Chor. Arthur Mitchell,
Augustus Van Heerder, and Laveen Naidu.
Dance Theatre of Harlem. Cadillac Palace
Theatre, Chicago. 1 Jine Performance.

33. An Audio Recording
Ellington, Duke, Cond. First Carnegie Hall Concert. Doke Ellington Orch. Rec. 23 Jan Performance. Holiday, Billie. The Essence of Billie Holiday. Columbia, CD. Joplin, Scott. Treeminisha. Perf. Carmen Balthorp, Betty Allen, and Curtis Rayam. Houston Grand Opera Orch. And chorus. Cond. Gunther Schuller. Deutsche Grammophon, Audiocassette.