1. Respiratory System Day 2 Boyle’s Law Day 3 External/Internal Respiration

2. Bell Work
Complete respiratory diagram. Term to add/draw in: Epiglottis: flap that closes when food or water is swallowed. Covers opening of trachea.

3. Standard
10) Review the gross and cellular anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system and explain the ventilation process. Develop an exercise program and a rehabilitation plan for a patient/client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and one who is training for a marathon, based on their respective respiratory needs. Compare and contrast these plans to justify the components included.

4. Objective By the end of class, students will be able to
Identify major structures in the respiratory system
Understand and apply Boyle’s Law with inspiration and exhalation

6. Flow of O2 through the body
O2 Enters the body Nose or mouth Pharynx Larynx Trachea

7. Flow of O2 through the body
Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli (O2 and CO2 Exchange) Circulatory System

9. Respiratory Cycle
Figure 10.9

10. Key Numbers
Atmospheric Pressure= 760 mmHg Breathing room air contains 21% oxygen Gas will flow from the region of higher pressure to the region of lower pressure; in other words, air flows in and out of the lungs down its pressure gradient.

11. Respiratory Physiology
Pulmonary Ventilation = breathing
Mechanism
Movement of gases through a pressure gradient - hi to low.
When atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg) is greater than lung pressure ---- air flows in = inspiration.
When lung pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure air flows out = expiration.

12. Inhalation
Contracting causes the diaphragm to flatten out, which increases the volume of the thoracic (This is why your belly pushes out when you breathe in—your abdominal organs have nowhere else to go but out when your diaphragm pushes down on them!) When the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, its pressure decreases in a relationship known as Boyle’s Law.

13. Respiratory Physiology
Pressure gradients are established by changes in thoracic cavity.
increase size in thorax = a decrease in pressure --- air moves in.
Decrease size in thorax = increase in pressure --- air moves out.

14. Exhalation
When the diaphragm relaxes, the volume of the chest cavity decreases, the pressure inside increases and air is pushed out of the lungs.

15. Inhalation
Volume Pressure (negative) (757mm Hg) Air Molecules move in Pressure (returning to 760mmHg)

16. Exhalation
Volume Pressure (positive) 763 mm Hg Air Molecules move out Pressure (returning to 760 mmHg)

18. Boyle’s Law
The pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship, when temperature is held constant.
Inverse means opposite!

19. YOU TUBE

20. Experiment 1 Materials:
Small plastic cup, a small balloon, a regular size balloon, a straw and playdough
Puncture a small slit in the bottom of the cup. Insert one piece of a straw cut in half to represent trachea.
Half of the straw piece should be inside the cup, the other half outside the cup.
Put the small balloon around the end of the straw in the cup and secure with a rubber band (this is the lung)

21. Experiment 1 continued
4. Put Play-dough around the slit where you inserted the straw, so no air can escape 5. Take the larger balloon and stretch it across the top of the cup to represent the diaphragm. 6.Gentle pull the diaphragm balloon and the lung balloon will inflate. Relax the diaphragm balloon and the lung balloon will deflate. This represents inspiration and expiration.

22. Respiratory System Day 3
External/Internal Respiration

23. Bell Work
What is Boyles law and how is it applied to inhalation and exhalation?
What is a pressure gradient
What is normal atmospheric pressure?
What is the percent of O2 in air?

24. Boyle’s Law
The pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship, when temperature is held constant.
Inverse means opposite!

25. Inhalation
Volume Pressure (negative) (757mm Hg) Air Molecules move in Pressure (returning to 760mmHg)

26. Exhalation
Volume Pressure (positive) 763 mm Hg Air Molecules move out Pressure (returning to 760 mmHg)

27. Key Numbers
Atmospheric Pressure= 760 mmHg Breathing room air contains 21% oxygen Gas will flow from the region of higher pressure to the region of lower pressure; in other words, air flows in and out of the lungs down its pressure gradient.

28. Review
cause-inspiration-and-expiration.html

29. What is the process of taking in air
REVIEW Questions
What is the process of taking in air

30. INSPIRATION

31. The common name for the trachea is _______
Windpipe

32. The flap or opening to the trachea is the
Larynx
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Vocal cords

33. During inspiration which of the following does not occur?
Diaphragm contracts
Intercostals relax
Diaphragm flattens
Size of thorax increases B

34. Which of the following activities is the best analogy of respiration?
Exchanging gifts
Giving a gift
Receiving a gift
Sitting in a chair A

35. Air is forced into the lungs by the
contraction of the…
Alveoli
Bronchioles
Diaphragm
Heart C

36. What is the functional respiratory units in the lung where gases are exchanged?

37. ALVEOLI

38. Objectives By the end of class students will be able to:
Understand and apply
Internal Respiration
External Respiration
Cellular Respiration

39. Four Respiration Processes
Breathing (ventilation): Oxygen in to and Carbon Dioxide out of the lungs
External respiration: gas exchange between air and blood (what can be exposed to the outside of the body)
Internal respiration: gas exchange between blood and tissues (what cannot be exposed to the outside of the body)
Cellular respiration: oxygen used to produce ATP (energy), carbon dioxide is the waste product –

40. Key Terms
Pulmonary circulation moves blood between the heart and the lungs. The oxygenated blood then flows back to the heart. Systemic circulation moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body. It sends oxygenated blood out to cells and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.

41. Key Terms
Diffusion: the net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration This is also referred to as the movement of a substance down a concentration gradient.

42. Key Terms External respiration occurs in the alveoli of lungs where
O2 diffuses into the blood
CO2 diffuses into the alveolar air. 
Internal respiration occurs in the metabolizing tissues
O2 diffuses out of the blood
carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells.
Cellular respiration: the process by which organisms convert food into chemical energy (ATP), requires oxygen.

44. Internal/external respiration

45. Gas Exchange Between the Blood and Alveoli
Figure 10.8A

46. External Respiration Oxygen movement into the blood
The alveoli always has more oxygen than the blood
Oxygen moves by diffusion towards the area of lower concentration
Pulmonary capillary blood gains oxygen
Slide 13.32a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

47. External Respiration Carbon dioxide movement out of the blood
Blood returning from tissues has higher concentrations of carbon dioxide than air in the alveoli
Pulmonary capillary blood gives up carbon dioxide
Blood leaving the lungs is oxygen-rich and carbon dioxide-poor
Slide 13.32b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

48. Internal Respiration Exchange of gases between blood and body cells
An opposite reaction to what occurs in the lungs
Carbon dioxide diffuses out of tissue to blood
Oxygen diffuses from blood into tissue
Slide 13.34a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

49. Gas Transport in the Blood
Oxygen transport in the blood
Inside red blood cells attached to hemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin [HbO2])
A small amount is carried dissolved in the plasma
Slide 13.33a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

50. Gas Transport in the Blood
Carbon dioxide transport in the blood
Most is transported in the plasma as bicarbonate ion (HCO3–)
A small amount is carried inside red blood cells on hemoglobin, but at different binding sites than those of oxygen
Slide 13.33b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

51. What is ATP and ADP
ATP stands for Adenosine Tri-Phosphate, and is the energy used by an organism in its daily operations. It consists of an adenosine molecule and three inorganic phosphates.
After a simple reaction breaking down ATP to ADP, Adenosine diphosphate,  the energy released from the breaking of a molecular bond is the energy we use to keep ourselves alive.

52. Cellular Respiration
The energy released during cellular respiration is stored in form of ATP molecules, which are store houses of energy.
ATP molecule is converted into ADP molecule, whenever energy is needed for any metabolic reaction or activity.
The energy stored in it is released to be used in metabolic reaction. ATP and ADP molecules are thus rightly termed as “ currency of energy”.

53. Cellular respiration

54. Exit Ticket In quick terms, tell what external respiration involves
In quick terms, tell what internal respiration involves
In quick terms, tell what cellular respiration involves
Tell me what you need more clarification on or do not understand.