1. Wave Particle Duality
Light behaves as both a wave and a particle at the same time!
PARTICLE properties
individual
interaction
dynamics: F=ma
mass – quantization
position(time) – localized
mass
spin
COMMON properties:
energy, momentum, velocity
WAVE properties
collective
interference – superposition
dynamics: wave equation
standing waves – modes
wavelength (freq) – periodic
dispersion
polarization
reflection, refraction, trans.
diffraction – Huygens

2. Reflection, Diffraction, Interference animation

3. Particle waves
phonon
photon
???
???
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electron

4. Electromagnetic waves

5. Blackbody radiation – Planck, Boltzman–Stefan, Wien
energy per photon
“high frequency
photons cost too
much energy”
density
of modes
photons per mode

6. Photoelectric effect – Einstein

7. X-rays – Roentgen, Bragg, Laue, Duane-Hunt, Compton

8. Particle Waves – de Broglie, Davisson-Germer

9. Wave packets – Fourier, Heisenberg

10. Hydrogen atom – Rutherford, Bohr

11. Potential wells – conservation of energy

12. Schrödinger Equation
operators
tunneling

13. See reviews of Exams II, III
Separation of variables
Hydrogen atom
Angular momentum
J = L + S
Pauli exclusion principle
Multi-particle wave function
atoms
molecules
crystals
Statistical mechanics
degeneracy
Maxwell-Boltzman, Bose-Einstein, Fermi-Dirac distributions