1. How plants make food and everyone makes energy!
Cell Energetics
How plants make food and everyone makes energy!

2. Carbon Cycle

3. Endosymbiotic Theory
Endosymbiotic theory = a theory that some of the cell’s organelles _____________________ from _____________________ cells (bacteria)
Bacteria was __________________ by another bacteria and came to live within the cell
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are the organelles once thought to be ____________________________________

4. Evidence to Support This Theory
Both organelles have __________
Both contains __________________ that make proteins
Both can ________________ by itself

6. The Basics

7. Photosynthesis Occurs in the _____________________
Occurs in autotrophs: plants, some protists (algae), and some bacteria
Equation:

8. Photosynthesis
2 parts 1. 2.

9. Cell Respiration Occurs in _______________________
Occurs in both __________________ and ___________________ (all eukaryotic organisms)
Equation:

10. ATP = _________________________ (the energy molecule)

11. Cell Respiration
3 parts 1. 2. 3.
Inner membrane = ___________

12. Photosynthesis: The Details

13. Light Different _____________________ make up the light we see
If we see green, then the green wavelength is being ___________________________at us

14. Pigments in Plants
Certain ___________________ in plants are used to _______________________ ________________wavelengths

15. Light Reaction
___________ hits the ___________________ (pigment) in the ______________________ membrane
An ________________ gets _____________ by the light and moves along a series of ________________ (electron transport chain) in the membrane
This powers the movement of ______ into the disk

16. Light Reaction
The ________ electron gets replaced when a __________ molecule ____________ into oxygen and hydrogen within the disk
Oxygen (O2) ______________ the plant and H+ gets added to the growing concentration _____________________________

17. Light Reaction
Another ray of light hits another group of ____________________ in the membrane
The electron gets ______________ again
The electron is used to make a ________________________________ called ____________

18. Light Reaction
Then, _________ is built when the build up of H+ in the thylakoid causes them to move out through a special protein – _______________________________
This is an enzyme in the thylakoid membrane
ATP synthase causes a P to get added to ADP to create ATP
End Result: _________ and _______…O2 leaves the cell and then the plant

19. Calvin Cycle
NADPH and ATP move to the _____________ to be used in the next series of steps
_________ comes into the cell and into the chloroplast and attaches to a ____________________________ that is already in the organelle

20. Calvin Cycle
This new 6-carbon molecule goes through a _______________________________ with the help of _____________________
This makes _______________ and the rest of the elements _____________ the original 5-carbon molecule

21. Factors affecting photosynthesis
Light ________________ / amount
_______________________
Amount of ________ available
Changes in the above factors will either increase or decrease photosynthesis

22. Cellular Respiration: The Details

23. Cell Respiration

24. Step 1: Glycolysis
Glucose comes into the cell and is _____________ to fit into the mitochondria
Glucose (6-C) is broken down into ______ 3 carbon molecules and a __________________________ is formed
End Results of this step: ____________ and NADH

25. Fermentation (Anaerobic Respiration)
2 Types: alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation
If ________________ is present:
After glycolysis, the 3 carbon molecule is converted into __________________ (animals) or ____________________ (fungus and bacteria) instead of moving into the next 2 steps
End Result: _______________ from glycolysis (less than cellular respiration)

26. Step 2: Krebs Cycle In the Mitochondria – if _____ is present
The 3-Carbon molecule breaks off a ________ which leaves the cell
The new 2-Carbon molecule binds to a different 5-Carbon molecule (already present in the organelle) and goes through a __________________________
End results: _____________, NADH, and FADH2 (another type of carrier molecule)
CO2 leaves

27. Step 3: Electron Transport Chain
All the NADH and FADH2 _____________ ___________ to start the movement of ________________ through the series of ________________ in the membrane of the mitochondria
H+ moves across the inner membrane by active transport through a protein
The electrons eventually get donated to ______ and a left over H+ to make ______
Without O2 present this step cannot occur

28. Electron Transport Chain
Meanwhile, _______________________ between the two membranes of the mitochondria and then _____________ back in through a special protein – ________________________ (enzyme)
This allows a P to add to ADP to make ATP
End Results: _____________
Total ATP count for cell respiration = ___