1. Metastable States Arising from the Ablation of Solid Copper
69th International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy
Metastable States Arising from the Ablation of Solid Copper
Anna Andrejeva, Joe P. Harris, Timothy G. Wright
School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, UK

2. Introduction Copper is found in many proteins
- Motivation
Experimental
- Ablation source
Results
- Copper spectra - Rydberg Analysis - Metastable States
Conclusions
Copper is found in many proteins
Interactions in such systems are still poorly understood
Use small molecules (eg. CuSH, CuSMe) as simple models for copper binding in biological systems

3. Experimental Setup Motor Assembly Copper Rod General Pulsed Valve
Introduction
- Motivation
Experimental
- Ablation source
Results
- Copper spectra - Rydberg Analysis - Metastable States
Conclusions
Motor Assembly
Copper Rod
General Pulsed Valve
PEEK Nozzle

4. Atomic Copper Spectra 3 d 10 4p ← 3 d 10 4s 3 d 10 𝑛d ← 3 d 10 4s
Introduction
- Motivation
Experimental
- Ablation source
Results
- Copper spectra - Rydberg Analysis - Metastable States
Conclusions
3 d 10 4p ← 3 d 10 4s
3 d 10 𝑛d ← 3 d 10 4s

5. Atomic Copper Spectra Phys. Lett. A, 372, 4805 (2008)
Introduction
- Motivation
Experimental
- Ablation source
Results
- Copper spectra - Rydberg Analysis - Metastable States
Conclusions
Phys. Lett. A, 372, 4805 (2008)
Phys. Rev. A, 59, 873 (1999)

6. Analysis of nd Rydberg Series
Introduction
- Motivation
Experimental
- Ablation source
Results
- Copper spectra - Rydberg Analysis - Metastable States
Conclusions
Observed
position / cm-1
Assignment
3d108d
3d109d
3d1010d
3d1011d
3d1012d
3d1013d
3d1014d
3d1015d
3d1016d
3d1017d
1] J. Opt. Soc. Am., 63, 346 (1973)
2] Phys. Rev. A, 59, 873 (1999)
3] Phys. Lett. A, 372, 4805 (2008)
Current Study
Tondello1
Simard2
Bellert3
Ionisation
Energy / cm-1
62 316
62 317
62 318
Quantum Defect
1.015 -
1.018
0.92
I.E. = cm-1
δ = 1.015
𝐸 𝑟 =𝐼.𝐸. − 𝑅 (𝑛 − 𝛿) 2

7. Extra peaks in one-colour spectrum?
Introduction
- Motivation
Experimental
- Ablation source
Results
- Copper spectra - Rydberg Analysis - Metastable States
Conclusions
Wavenumber / cm-1

8. 3 d 10 4s 3 d 9 4 s 2 → 2𝐷 → 2 𝐷 3 2 3 d 9 4s4p Metastable States
Introduction
- Motivation
Experimental
- Ablation source
Results
- Copper spectra - Rydberg Analysis - Metastable States
Conclusions
3 d 9 4 s 2
→ 2𝐷
→ 2 𝐷 3 2
2 𝐷 5 2
3 d 10 4s
3 d 9 4s4p
2𝐷 5 2
4𝑃 1 2
4𝐹 5 2
4𝐹 3 2
4𝐷 7 2
4𝐹 9 2
4𝑃 3 2
4𝐷 5 2

9. Transitions from Metastables
Introduction
- Motivation
Experimental
- Ablation source
Results
- Copper spectra - Rydberg Analysis - Metastable States
Conclusions
2 D (3 𝑑 9 4 𝑠 2 )
𝟐𝑺 (𝟑 𝒅 𝟏𝟎 𝟒𝒔)
4 F (3 𝑑 9 4𝑠4𝑝) * * * * *
(+K!) * * * * * * *
Wavenumber / cm-1

10. Metastable Production
Introduction
- Motivation
Experimental
- Ablation source
Results
- Copper spectra - Rydberg Analysis - Metastable States
Conclusions
Ablation laser power
Backing pressure
Excitation laser power
Timings
Extraction voltages
Wavenumber / cm-1

11. Conclusions Recorded (1+1′) and (2+1) REMPI spectra
Observed 2 P 1 2 , states
Observed nd Rydberg series
Observed additional bands arising due to transitions from metastable initial states
Introduction
- Motivation
Experimental
- Ablation source
Results
- Copper spectra - Rydberg Analysis - Metastable States
Conclusions

13. Acknowledgments
Prof. Timothy G. Wright Anna Andrejeva