1. The Rise of Russia10.2 Shaping Eastern Europe 10.3CE

3. Early Russia

4. Geography- Three Broad Zones: 1. Northern Forests

5. Pros & Cons of Northern Forests
Lumber – building & fuel
Fur-bearing Animals - hunting food and leather
Poor soil and too cold for farming

6. Geography Three Broad Zones: 2. Fertile Plain

7. Benefits of Fertile Plains
Excellent Soil for farming
Birthplace of first civilizations

8. Geography- Three Broad Zones 3. Southern Steppe of Russia

9. What is a steppe? What are its benefits?
Steppe: open, treeless grasslands
Pastures for herding animals and horses of nomadic peoples

10. Geography- Rivers
In what way do rivers impact the relationship between the Russian & Byzantine Empire? HEY YOU. Go to page 245 “Rivers” and answer the question

12. Topography of Russia

13. Beginnings of Kiev (Kievan Rus/ Early Russia)
700’s – 800’s Vikings traded with the local Slavic people
capital city of Early Russia
The Dnieper River connected the two capitals transporting Goods and People.

15. The Varangians (Vikings)
Expert sailors along Russian Rivers
Traded with Kiev & Constantinople
Settled down among the Slavic people & absorbed local culture

16. Byzantine Influence St. Cyril and St. Methodius Byzantine Missionaries
863CE sent from Thessalonica, Greece
adapted the Greek alphabet to translate the Bible into local Slavic Languages
Cyrillic (Sur-ilic) alphabet is used today

17. Cyrillic

18. Byzantium Influence Olga Princess of Kiev
Converted to Christianity in 957 CE
Spreads Christianity in Russia
Her grandson would marry Byzantine royality
First Woman ruler of Russia
Why do empires flouish?

19. Early Byzantine Influences: Orthodox Christianity

20. Early Byzantine Influences: Orthodox Christianity

21. Yaroslav the Wise
Ruled during the golden age of Kiev from 1019 – 1054 CE
Created a written law code
Translated great Greek works into vernacular
Arranged marriages between his kids and Western Europe Royals.

22. Mongol Background
Central Asia was controlled by nomads in 11-12th ( )
Constant Warfare between Tribes
Water and hunting grounds
Mongols Rule Over Russia for 240 years

23. Genghiz Khan United nomadic tribes “World Emperor”
Established a Capital along the Volga River

24. The Golden Horde: Leader is Bantu Khan
grandson of Genghiz Khan, looted & burned Kiev & other Russian cities
Known as the Golden Horde because of the color of their tents
Ruled Russia for 240 years!

25. Mongol Influences
Even though the Golden Horde converted to Islam, they tolerated the Russian Orthodox Church
Mongol conquest brought peace to the region from China to Russia, opened new trade routes

26. Mongol Influences
During the Mongol rule, Russians adopted practice of isolating upper-class women, women totally under male authority
Absolute power of Mongols used as model for Russian princes, who desired centralized power
Mongols cut Russian off from Western Europe, which was making advances in arts and sciences

27. Kiev is in Ukraine today
The “Russian” Constantinople

28. Seat of Ukraine

31. Kiev Economy Today

32. Moscow

37. Russian Expansion

38. Czar Ivan III (Ivan the Great)
Helped bring Moscow to power
Absolute power
Used the double headed eagle symbol
Called himself Czar

39. Czar Ivan IV: Ivan the Terrible
Grandson of
Ivan the Great
Killed his own son
Oprichniki “Secret Police”

40. Michael Romanov Became Czar when he was 17 years old
Began the Romanov Dynasty which would last until 1917

41. Romanov Crest

43. The Romanovs

44. Nicholas and Alexandria

45. Anastasia and Alexi

46. Bloody Sunday January 9, 1905 Father Capon The first soviets
“intelligentsia”
The Duma was formed in October 1905

47. WWI 1914 Russia in WWI By 1915 out of supplies and weapons Huge Losses
Nicholas at the front lines, Alexandria at home

48. Rasputin Know as a “Monk” Not really a monk
Thought to have healing powers
Stopped Alexi from “bleeding” on several occasions (hypnosis)
Held power over/ through Alexandria

49. 1917 Revolution “Bread Riots” Workers striking, people marching
“bread, bread”
Czar abdicates his throne, sent to Siberia
Provisional Government put into place
New government lead by Kerensky
Committee formed to draw up a constitution

51. The New Government Problems with new government Kerenksy persued: WWI
Freedom of speech
Equality

52. Other Revolutionaries
Russian Social Democratic Party
Vladimir Lenin
Lenin called the party the “Bolsheviks” (Majority)
Summer 1917 Lenin finds support in the soviets

53. Leon Trotsky
October 1917 Trotsky is nominated Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet (St. Petersburg)

54. The November Revolution
Lenin and supporters took over the provisional government without a fight
Lenin negotiated a peace treaty with Germany
Opposition included:
Those who wanted war
Those who wanted Czar back
Those who didn’t support Lenin’s ideas

55. Civil War “Reds” vs. “Whites”
The “Allies” sent troops to fight with the Whites
Trotsky organized the “Red Army”

56. War Communism Government control of EVERYTHING
Production
Land
Railroads
Executed Czar and his Wife
Cheka – Secret Police

57. NEP New Economic Policy 1921 Aimed at rebuilding the economy
Allowed limited free market business (capitalism) for small businesses

58. USSR 1922 Russia divided into four major “Soviets” Self ruled entities
Became known as the USSR – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

59. Lenin’s Death
January 21, 1924 Lenin dies after a year of illness

61. After Lenin’s Death Trotsky and Stalin vie for leadership
Stalin comes to power in 1924
Stalin politically isolates Trotsky ~
Trotsky flees for his life 1929

62. “Command Economy” Stalin wanted a modern industrial power
The first of Stalin’s “five year plans”
Put ALL basic economic decisions under government control
Government owned ALL businesses

63. Collectives Under Stalin, the Government seized ALL farm land OR
The Government allowed Peasants to stay on their land if they gave it (and all resources) to a “collective”
The state controlled all supplies

64. Angry Peasants Killed their animals, burned crops, and destroyed tools
Stalin responded with brutal force
In response, some Peasants grew just enough to feed themselves
Famine killed 5-8 million in Ukraine alone

65. Kulaks Term for the “wealthy” peasants Stalin “purged” kulaks
Over 5 million kulaks deported to Siberia

66. The Great Purge In 1934 Stalin became paranoid
Old Bolsheviks, Activists, Army heroes, writers, and ordinary citizens
four million people were “purged”

67. The Gulag Soviet system of forced labor camps “Corrective labor camps”
Several million inmates

68. Military Vacuum
The Great Purge brought about a young loyal generation of new leaders
Most of the old military leaders were “purged”
Military “experience” was gone

69. Stalin’s Totalitarian State
Marx’s idea was the State would eventually disappear
Stalin did exactly the opposite
Secret police, censorship, terror
Nationalism

70. Anti-Religion Atheism was the official religion under Stalin
Russian Orthodox Churches were seized and turned into offices and museums
Priests and Religious leaders were killed
Jewish Synagogues were seized
Hebrew language was banned

71. Benefits/ Drawbacks “Free” education Scarce housing
“Free” medical care
Inexpensive housing
Inexpensive public transportation
“Free” child care
Scarce housing
Limited fruits, vegetables, and meat
Education was “corrected”

72. Art showing Soviet life in a positive light
Socialist Realism
Art showing Soviet life in a positive light

73. Stalin Dies March 5, 1953 Stalin dies of a Stroke Entombed with Lenin
De-Stalinizing begins