1. Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
The consistent elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure.

2. Drugs Ace Inhibitors Calcium Channel Blockers Adrenergic Antagonists
Enalapril (Vasotec)
Calcium Channel Blockers
Nifedipine (Procardia)
Adrenergic Antagonists
Doxazosin (Cardura)
Direct Vasodilators
Hydralazine (Apresoline)

4. Classification Etiology: (Genetic & Environmental) Normal
119/79 or less
Prehypertension
120-39/80-89
Stage I Hypertension
/90-99
Stage II Hypertension
160 of higher/100 or higher
Etiology: (Genetic & Environmental)
Disease
Drugs
Diet
Alcohol & Smoking

5. Factors Responsible for BP
Cardiac Output –volume of blood pumped per minute
Stroke Volume –amount of blood pumped by a ventricle in one contraction
Peripheral Resistance –friction in the arteries (diameter)
Blood Volume –amount of blood in vascular system

6. Consequences Heart, Brain, Kidneys, and Retina
Heart works harder to pump blood to organs and tissues = HF
Vascular System –damage blood vessels that supply blood & O2 to brain = CVA (stroke)
Kidney
Retina

7. Nurse’s Role Vital Signs Dizziness/ Lightheaded
Labs (electrolytes –potassium)
Daily weights
Urinary output
Lifestyle changes (diet & exercise)
Safety
Education

8. Prototype Drugs Ace Inhibitors Calcium Channel Blockers
Enalapril (Vasotec)
Calcium Channel Blockers
Nifedipine (Procardia)
Adrenergic Antagonists
Doxazosin (Cardura)
Direct Vasodilators
Hydralazine (Apresoline)

9. Heart Failure
Inability of the ventricles to pump enough blood to meet the body’s metabolic demands

10. Drugs ACE Inhibitor & Angiotensin receptor blocker Diuretics
Lisinopril (Prinivil)
Diuretics
Cardiac Glycosides
Digoxin
Beta-adrenergic blockers
metoprolol

11. Blood Circulation

12. Heart Failure Contractility –strength of contraction of heart
Inotropic effect –change in contractility of heart
Positive inotropic
Negative inotropic

13. Heart Failure
Cardiac output –amt of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute
Preload –degree of which myocardial fibers stretched prior to contraction
Afterload –degree of pressure in aorta that must be overcome for blood to be ejected from left ventricle

14. Symptoms Associated with HF

15. Nurse’s Role Vital Signs Dizziness/ Lightheaded
Apical Pulse
Dizziness/ Lightheaded
Labs (electrolytes –potassium)
Daily weights
Urinary output
Lifestyle changes (diet & exercise)
Safety
Education
Documentation

16. HEART FAILURE Drugs ACE Inhibitor & Angiotensin receptor blocker
Lisinopril (Prinivil)
Diuretics
Cardiac Glycosides
Digoxin
Beta-adrenergic blockers
metoprolol

17. Angina Pectoris & Myocardial Infarction (MI)

18. Drugs Nitrates Beta Blockers Calcium Channel Blockers Thrombolytics
Nitroglycerin
Beta Blockers
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Calcium Channel Blockers
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Thrombolytics
reteplase

19. Pathophysiology of MI
Plaque build up narrow branches of coronary arteries pieces of unstable plaque break off & lodge in small vessels of heart plaque activates coagulation cascade causing clot obstruction of vessel inability for blood flow deprived O2 to heart ischemia death of muscle cells

20. Factors Affecting Myocardial Oxygen Supply & Demand
Physical exertion
Emotional excitement
Narrowed coronary arteries

21. Nurse’s Role Vital Signs –Cardiac monitoring
Frequent physical assessment (neuro/cardiac/respiratory)
Dizziness/ Lightheaded
Labs (electrolytes –potassium)
Daily weights
Urinary output
Lifestyle changes (diet & exercise)
Safety
Education

22. Angina and Myocardial Infarct Drugs
Nitrates
Nitroglycerin
Beta Blockers
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Calcium Channel Blockers
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Thrombolytics
reteplase