1. Mrs. Passell’s Weather Test Review revised 2.9.14
The test will assess your understanding of clouds, precipitation, water cycle, fronts, high & low pressure areas, weather maps, weather instruments, heat transfer & storms .
It will not cover the layers of the atmosphere or air as a mixture.

2. WHO’S STUDYING THE WEATHER?
Besides Mrs. Passell’s students?
METEOROLOGISTS!
TV weatherpersons usually don’t have a degree in meteorology, the study of weather.

3. CLASSIFYING TYPES OF CLOUDS
Clouds are classified by their shapes and their altitude. You will need to be able to identify stratus, cirrus, and cumulus clouds and describe the kind of weather each one brings.

4. COMMON TYPES OF CLOUDS .

5. STRATUS CLOUDS Stratus clouds are not individual “units’.
These are the lowest clouds.
They produce widespread rain or snow that may last days longer than a thunderstorm.
Fog is a stratus cloud close to the ground.

6. Puffy clouds like the ones you drew in first grade Fair weather clouds
CUMULUS CLOUDS
Puffy clouds like the ones you drew in first grade
Fair weather clouds

7. CUMULONIMBUS CLOUDS Bring heavy rains, lightning, thunder
May bring violent weather
Also called Thunderheads

8. CIRRUS CLOUDS High altitude, thin clouds Wispy, like feathers
Made of ice crystals
Sometimes called “mare’s tails”

9. FRONTS
An AIR MASS is the large body of air that has the characteristics of the land over which it develops. The whole air mass will have the same temperature, pressure and humidity.
A FRONT is the place
where two air masses
meet.

10. SYMBOLS FOR FRONTS think of cold pointy icicles
think of the warm sun rising in the east
- not on the test
think of a stationary
exercise bike - - you’re
pedaling but not going anywhere!

11. MOVEMENT OF FRONTS
The front is moving in the direction of the points or half-circles.
Stationary fronts are stationary so they are not moving!

12. MOVEMENT OF FRONTS Remember that COLD AIR IS MORE DENSE than WARM AIR.
Because WARM AIR is less dense, it doesn’t push under the cold air. It rises up over it.
When the COLD AIR approaches warm air, it pushes under the warm air.
Think of a cotton ball (less dense warm air) approaching a stone (more dense cold air). Can’t push under, got to go over!

13. WARM FRONT
Remember that warm air is less dense than cold air so it will slide up over the more dense cold air.

14. WARM FRONT
The weather is rainy or snowy as the front approaches and the temperature starts to rise.
Warm Front. Image Credit: NOAA;

15. COLD FRONT
A cold front pushes under the less dense warm air. Violent storms can occur.

16. STATIONARY FRONT
The WARM FRONT and COLD FRONT come together along a stationary front. The weather will be unsettled and for a few days.

17. WATER CYCLE/ HOW CLOUDS FORM.

18. WATER CYCLE/ HOW CLOUDS FORM
During CONDENSATION the moisture that has evaporated and becomes water vapor cools as it rises in the atmosphere. The water vapor condenses to form clouds. Water drops that form in the clouds fall back to earth as precipitation.
WATER CYCLE FOR KIDS
Think about a cold window. If you breathe on the window, your warm breath will form water droplets on the cold surface.

19. PRECIPITATION : RAIN & SNOW
Rain – liquid water; most common form of precipitation
Snow - - Just like rain except it passes through layers of freezing air as it returns to Earth

20. PRECIPITATION : SLEET, HAIL & FREEZING RAIN
Sleet - - rain passes through cold air close to the ground
Hail - - ice crystals rise & fall within the thunder- cloud; when they become too large, they fall to Earth
Freezing Rain – regular land that freezes when it lands on surfaces that are 32º or lower

21. ISOBARS These lines connect places that have equal air pressure.
The closer together the lines are, the stronger the winds will be.

22. HIGH PRESSURE AREAS
High pressure is indicated with an “H” The weather will be fair with clear skies & maybe some puffy cumulus clouds..

23. HIGH PRESSURE = rising barometric pressure.

24. LOW PRESSURE AREAS
Low pressure systems are marked with an “L”. Cloudy weather & precipitation is found in low pressure areas. The center of all storms, including hurricanes, are low pressure areas.

25. LOW PRESSURE = falling barometric pressure.

26. WINDS
Energy from the sun causes uneven heating of Earth’s surfaces. This causes winds.

27. Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.
WINDS
Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.

28. HURRICANE OR TORNADO?
Tornadoes are very different from hurricanes even though they are windstorms that cause much destruction .
A hurricane is a large low pressure system that covers a wide area.
A tornado is a a more localized storm that lasts a shorter amount of time.

29. HURRICANES
These storms form along the warm tropical waters near the equator.

30. HURRICANES
If you could slice into a tropical cyclone, it would look something like this. The small red arrows show warm, moist air rising from the ocean's surface, and forming clouds in bands around the eye. The blue arrows show how cool, dry air sinks in the eye and between the bands of clouds. The large red arrows show the rotation of the rising bands of clouds.(

31. TORNADO
A tornado forms from a thunderstorm. Warm moist air meets cool dry air. Changes in wind speed and direction at different altitudes cause the spinning to begin.

33. DROUGHT
Drought occurs when there is little or no precipitation for a long time.

34. HOW LARGE BODIES OF WATER AFFECT WEATHER
Large bodies of water hold their heat longer than areas of land far from water.
56 ° °

35. WEATHER INSTRUMENT: ANEMOMETER
*measures the speed of the wind;
strong winds cause the cups to spin faster

36. WEATHER INSTRUMENT: BAROMETER
measure air pressure in inches or mercury or millibars

37. WEATHER INSTRUMENT: HYGROMETER or PSYCHROMETER
measures the humidity (the amount of moisture in the air)

38. WEATHER INSTRUMENT: WEATHER VANE or WIND VANE
shows the direction the wind is blowing
Nevit Dilmen

39. WEATHER INSTRUMENT: THERMOMETER
measure the temperature

40. WEATHER INSTRUMENT: RAIN GAUGE
measure the amount of rainfall

41. How Does Air Pressure Change With Altitude?
As you climb higher up the mountain the air pressure is less than down at sea level and it becomes more difficult to breathe.

42. HEAT TRANSFER: CONVECTION
When air or water is heated, the molecules move faster and farther apart, reducing their density and causing them to rise.
Cooler air or water molecules move more slowly and are denser than warm air or water. The cold air sinks down. When it warms up again, it will rise again.
Remember the rising air helps sailplanes & eagles to soar.

44. HEAT ENERGY TRANSFER: CONDUCTION
Conduction is heat transfer by direct physical contact. The object has to be touching the heat source!
Conduction can happen in solids, liquids and gases.
Example: An ice cube will melt in your hand because the heat from your hand is absorbed by the ice.

45. HEAT TRANSFER : RADIATION
Radiation is energy transfer through empty space.
It travels in the form of light waves.
Sunlight is a form of radiation.

46. CONDUCTION, CONVECTION, RADIATION.

47. ? .

48. ? Adapted from > Mr. B. Fontaine Mrs. J. Phipps Mrs. C. Koop
Parts of this powerpoint were kindly donated to

49. SOURCES Tornado> http://www.weatherwizkids.com/weather-tornado.htm
Drought >
high to low pressure >