1. Identify the difference between a mineral and a rock.
Minerals
Identify the difference between a mineral and a rock.

2. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
Minerals are inorganic, solid materials found in nature.
Inorganic means not formed by plants or animals. They have no carbon.

3. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
Rocks are made of two or more minerals.
Each mineral has unique characteristics that will identify it.
More than 4000 minerals have been identified.

4. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
How do minerals form?
From melted rock material inside the Earth called magma.
Magma at the Earth’s surface is called lava.

5. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
2. Evaporation can form minerals.
Example of salt crystals appearing when seawater evaporates.

6. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
3. Precipitation can also form minerals.
Water can only hold so much dissolved material.
Any extra separates and falls out as a solid.

7. Common Minerals
Remember there are over 4000 minerals.
Rocks that make up huge mountain ranges are made up of minerals.
These are called rock forming minerals

8. Common Minerals Most of the rock-forming minerals are silicates.
Silicates contain silicon and oxygen.
SiO2

9. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
Gems are minerals that are rare and when cut and polished gives them a beautiful appearance.

10. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
Diamonds: Are formed under special conditions.
A form of carbon.
Created under high pressure deep in Earth’s mantle.
Volcanic eruption can bring the diamonds close to Earth’s surface.

11. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
Ores: A mineral that contains enough useful substance that it can be sold for a profit.
Ores are extracted by mining.

12. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
Aluminum, copper,
Tungsten, iron, lead,
Manganese, Nickel,
Zinc, Chromium,
Antimony, molybdenum,
Silver

13. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
Ore Processing: After an ore is mined, it must be processed to extract the desired mineral.

14. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
Ore Processing:
Smelting: Melts the ore and removes most of the unwanted materials.
Refining: Further purifies the desired mineral even more.

15. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
North Carolina ranks first in the east in the mining of gemstones.
Tourists search for emeralds, rubies, sapphires, garnets, and other gemstones.
The largest emerald found in North America came from NC.

16. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
NC leads the nation in the production of many minerals.
NC was once a major gold producing state.

17. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels
Section Review:
What is a mineral?
Naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite composition and orderly atomic arrangement.

18. Section Review What is a rock?
Usually composed of two or more minerals.

19. Section Review Name five common rock forming minerals. Quartz Feldspar
Calcite
Gypsum
Halite

20. Section Review
Name five properties that are commonly used to identify minerals.
Color
Luster
Streak
Hardness
Cleavage
Magnetism

21. Section Review
What event must occur for a diamond to reach Earth’s surface?
Volcanic eruption

22. Section Review Where are diamonds formed?
Deep within the Earth’s mantle under high pressure.

23. Section Review
How do you extract ores from the Earth?
Mining

24. Section Review When is a mineral considered an ore?
When the mineral can undergo expensive mining and refinement and still yield a profit.