1. Chromatin-based regulatory mechanisms governing cytokine gene transcription 
Suneet Agarwal, ScBa, João P.B. Viola, MD, PhDb, Anjana Rao, PhDa 
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 
Volume 103, Issue 6, Pages (June 1999)
DOI: /S (99)
Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Two stages of lymphocyte differentiation. The first developmental stage occurs in the thymus or bone marrow and culminates in the cell surface expression of a functional antigen receptor. The second stage is triggered by signals through antigen and costimulatory and cytokine receptors, occurs in peripheral lymphoid organs, and results in the acquisition of mature effector functions, such as cytolysis and cytokine production. The circumstances of initial stimulation (ie, the strength of antigen and costimulatory signals and the identities and local concentrations of cytokines) determine both the qualitative nature and the magnitude of the effector response.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /S (99) )
Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Differentiation of naive uncommitted T cells into IFN-γ–producing TH1 cells (top); IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13–producing TH2 T cells (middle); or IL-5– and IL-10–producing TR1 cells (bottom). The positive feedback loops involving IL-12/STAT4 and IL-4/STAT6 are depicted. TH2 cells constitutively express the transcription factors c-Maf (Maf) and GATA-3. Ag, Antigen.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /S (99) )
Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Organization of approximately 1000 kb of DNA from the cytokine gene cluster region of human chromosome 5q31 (syntenic to the cytokine gene cluster region on mouse chromosome 11). Sequence data are available for a total of 680 kb, including the region spanning the human IL-4 , IL-13 , RAD50 , and IL-5 genes. Arrows indicate the direction of transcription for selected genes.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /S (99) )
Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
A multi-step model for cytokine gene transcription during T helper cell differentiation. Shown are changes in the chromatin structure and accessibility of the IL-4 locus during TH2 differentiation. For details see text.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /S (99) )
Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions