1. INTD409 Interior Environmental Technology Spring2016/17
University of Nizwa
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture
Dept. of Architecture & Interior
INTD409 Interior Environmental Technology Spring2016/17
Lecture Notes
Dr. Mamdouh I. Zaky

2. General Review
1- Introduction to Green Building and Indoor Environmental Quality.
2- Meaning of Green Standers and High performance
2-1. Introduction of sustainable rating Systems " LEED“
2-2. The five rolls of sustainable Design
3- Thermal comfort
3-1. Introduction & Definitions
3-2. Physical Basis of Thermal Comfort
3-3. Heat Flow to/from Human Body
3-4. Measuring Environmental Factors
4- Green Design Controls
4-1. Architectural design/Site planning
4-2. Lighting Design
4-3. Water System design
4-4. Energy management system
4-5. Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning 1

3. General Review
1- Introduction to Green Building and Indoor Environmental Quality.
2- Meaning of Green Standers and High performance
2-1. Introduction of sustainable rating Systems " LEED“
2-2. The five rolls of sustainable Design
3- Thermal comfort
3-1. Introduction & Definitions
3-2. Physical Basis of Thermal Comfort
3-3. Heat Flow to/from Human Body
3-4. Measuring Environmental Factors
4- Green Design Controls
4-1. Architectural design/Site planning
4-2. Lighting Design
4-3. Water System design
4-4. Energy management system
4-5. Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning

4. General Review 4- Green Design Controls 4-a. Process Recommendations
Select experienced and innovative design team
Develop quantifiable goals
Hire a Commissioning Agent prior to design
Use an integrated design approach
Plan for preventive maintenance (PM)
Train facility operators and occupants
Cooperative environment for decision makers

5. General Review 4- Green Design Controls 4-a. Process Recommendations
Intense effort to identify and address issues in a short time
Listen and understand needs and limitations
Envision realistic and creative solutions
Record ideas as they are introduced
Effectively express ideas in a plan to serve as a vehicle to move the process forward
Owner well-defined goals (OPR)

6. General Review 4-1. Architectural design/Site planning
4- Green Design Controls
4-1. Architectural design/Site planning
4-1-a. Orientation
4-1-b. Thermal mass
4-1-c. Surface to volume ratio
4-1-d. Positioning of windows , shading
4-1-e. Selection of materials for wall , roof, windows, including insulation
4-1-f. Landscaping

7. General Review 4-1-1. Architectural design 4- Green Design Controls
4-1-1-a. Effect of orientation on cooling load
North – south orientation would reduce cooling loads by 1.5%
4-1-1-b. Effect of efficient materials
Roof and wall insulation reduced cooling load by 23
Insulated windows reduced cooling load by 9% (window to wall ratio 7%)‏

8. General Review 4-1-1. Architectural design 4- Green Design Controls
4-1-1-c. Use onsite sources and sinks
Day lighting
Earth cooling
Natural Ventilation (night cooling)
4-1-1-d. Earth cooling
Earth cooling has helped do away with conventional space cooling and heating techniques for about 8 months a year

9. General Review 4-1-2. Site planning “Sustainability at Site”
4- Green Design Controls
Site planning “Sustainability at Site”
Replace asphalt with concrete where possible
Plant trees in vegetation strips around parking lots or sidewalks.
Consolidate parking into a parking garage
Bio swales
Filtration basins (filters)

10. 4-1-2. Site planning “Sustainability at Site”
General Review
4- Green Design Controls
Site planning “Sustainability at Site”
Detention Ponds / Retention Ponds
Vegetated filter strips
Pervious paving
Vegetated/Garden Roofs
Energy Star rated roofing systems
High reflectivity coatings

11. General Review 4-2. Lighting Design 4- Green Design Controls
The passive solar practice of placing windows, or other transparent
media, and reflective surfaces so that, during the day, natural
sunlight provides effective internal illumination.

12. General Review 4-2. Lighting Design 4- Green Design Controls
Use of effective solar control strategies (overhangs) and high performance glazing limit associated solar gains.
Achieving this daylight credit will likely increase energy savings in the Energy and Atmosphere credits. This is largely due to savings in the electric lighting that results from well daylight spaces.
Day lighting strategies can have synergies with other energy efficiency strategies such as displacement ventilation

13. General Review 4-2. Lighting Design 4- Green Design Controls
Minimize site lighting where possible
Full cut-off luminaries
Low-reflectance surfaces
Low-angle spotlights

14. General Review 4-3. Water System design 4- Green Design Controls
4-3-a. Successful Strategies for Water Use Reduction, 20% - 30%.
Dual flush water closets
Ultra low-flow water closets and urinals
Waterless Urinals
Sensor-operated, Low-flow lavatories
Rainwater collection reuse systems
Gray water reuse systems

15. General Review 4-3. Water System design 4- Green Design Controls
4-3-b. Successful Strategies for Reduce potable water consumption for landscape by 50% over
Drought tolerant plants
Drip irrigation, moisture-sensing irrigation technologies
Recycled rainwater system
Municipally-provided non-potable water source use

16. General Review 4-4. Energy management system 4- Green Design Controls
4-4-a. Whole building energy optimization
4-4-b. Photovoltaic

17. General Review 4-4. Energy management system 4- Green Design Controls
4-4-a. Whole building energy optimization

18. Lighting requirements
General Review
High Efficiency
Pumps
AHUs, FCUs
Cooling Towers
Chillers
Reduced
HVAC
requirements
Energy
Water Heating
Lighting requirements
Building
Envelope
design
Sensors,
Controls
Daylighting
High Performance
Glazing
Insulation
Passive Systems
Lamps, Ballasts,
Luminaires
Controls:
Enthalpy control,
Economizer,
Reheat by Steam
Occupancy Load,
Equipment Schedule
Whole building energy optimization

19. General Review 4-4. Energy management system 4- Green Design Controls
4-4-b. Photovoltaic
Photovoltaic (Solar electric) is a device which produce free electrons when exposed to light resulting in power generation.
Photovoltaic does not release any of the green house gases when in use.
Photovoltaic uses a non-conventional, renewable source of energy which has no adverse effects on the environment.
23 kW solar photovoltaic system 55% energy savings over base building

20. General Review 4-4. Energy management system 4- Green Design Controls
4-4-b-1. Photovoltaic Applications
4-4-b-1-a. Flat Roofs

21. General Review 4-4. Energy management system 4- Green Design Controls
Photovoltaic Applications
4-4-b-1-b. Facades

22. General Review 4-4. Energy management system 4- Green Design Controls
Photovoltaic Applications
4-4-b-1-c. Shading Elements

23. General Review 4-4. Energy management system 4- Green Design Controls
Photovoltaic Applications
4-4-b-1-d. Atria & Skylight

24. General Review 4-4. Energy management system 4- Green Design Controls
Photovoltaic Applications
4-4-b-1-e. Roof Top

25. General Review 4-5. Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning
4- Green Design Controls
4-5. Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning
The main purpose of commercial HVAC
(Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning) systems is to provide the people working inside the building with “conditioned “ air .

26. General Review 4-5. Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning
4- Green Design Controls
4-5. Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) has established standards which outline air quality for indoor comfort conditions that are acceptable to 80% or more of a commercial building's occupants. Generally, these indoor comfort conditions, sometimes called the "comfort zone,"

27. General Review 4-5. Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning
4- Green Design Controls
4-5. Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning
Standers
Systems may be clustered at a central location and serve an entire campus of buildings
Locate system away from acoustically sensitive areas of the building
Selecting efficient air conditioning based on your climate.

28. General Review 4-5. Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning
4- Green Design Controls
4-5. Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning
Standers
Selecting the proper type of and efficient heating system for your climate Designing and sealing air distribution systems properly
Replace CFC-based refrigerant.
Consider non-refrigerant based cooling such as evaporative cooling in dryer climates.
Consider photovoltaic, solar thermal, geothermal, wind, biomass, and bio-gas energy technologies

29. General Review 4-5. Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning
4- Green Design Controls
4-5. Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning
Standers
Sophisticated Electrical Management Systems, Building Automation Systems or Direct Digital Control systems inherently include most of the required monitoring points.
Combine carbon dioxide monitors with demand based ventilation.

30. General Review 4-5. Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning
4- Green Design Controls
4-5. Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning
Standers
Include carbon dioxide sensor points in BAS/DDC for system design automation.
Consider adjustable under floor air diffusers, or thermostat controlled VAV boxes.
Operable windows can be used in lieu of comfort controls for occupants of areas that are 20 feet inside of and 10 feet to either side of the operable part of the window

31. General Review 4- Green Design Controls 4-b. Conclusion
Optimize day lighting to full possible extent
Building orientation, photocell controls with dimmable ballasts
Reduces lighting and cooling loads
Daylight glass and view glass are not the same
Efficient lighting design
Lighting Power Density < 1 W/ft2
Pendant direct/indirect
Occupancy sensors, auto night shut-off
Dedicated outdoor air treatment
Energy Recovery Ventilator or Demand-Controlled Ventilation
Centralize exhaust zones for energy recovery

32. General Review 4-b. Conclusion 4- Green Design Controls
Efficient, tight envelope
Appropriate, well-installed insulation
Low-e, low- Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) windows (esp. east/west facing)
Shading for south facing windows
Light colored roof
High efficiency HVAC with optimized control system
Balance with maintenance concerns
Size properly, incorporate strategies for variable loads
Energy star appliances and office equipment
Use energy modeling iteratively to identify and reduce loads, and optimize efficiency of design

33. General Review
QUESTIONS?