1. Brazilian Political Parties The Struggle to Institutionalize

2. Brazilian Territory

3. Political Parties in Second Wave Democracy (1946-66)
Attitude toward Getulio Vargas as the divide
Pro Vargas
PTB (Brazilian Workers’ Party) top down
PSD`
Anti Vargas
UDN (National Democratic Union)
Personalism
Ademar de Barros (Sao Paulo) Social Progressive Party
Political Parties in Second Wave Democracy ( )

4. Political Parties Under the Military Government: First Phase
Elections of 1966: Vargas Parties Win
Military Dictates Two Party System
ARENA
MDB

5. Military Regime Loses Control of Party System
Modifications of November 1981
Brizola & PDT
PT (Workers’ Party) and the metal workers (LULA)
Ivette Vargas – PTB (not same as earlier PTB)
Split in Arena leads to election of Trancredo Neves
Military Regime Loses Control of Party System

6. Military Regime Regains Control
Jose Sarney ( )
Leader of ARENA in the senate throughout most of military regime
Godfather of Northeast Brazil
Split from government party to form PFL (Liberal Front)
PMBD (suspicious of Sarney but wanted patronage)
Military Regime Regains Control

7. Transition to Competitive Party Politics
Cruzado Plan brings economic stability and legitimizes Sarney
November 1986 election
PMDB captures 22 governorships
PMDB controls constitutional convention
Sarney’s backing away from Cruzado Plan discredits PMDB/PFL governing coalition
Transition to Competitive Party Politics

8. Presidential Elections 1989/90 Round 1
Left: Lula (PT) eclipses Brizola (PDT) Right: Collor unifies the right with the help of the media

9. Presidential Elections 1989/90 Round 2
Collor Flies high & crashes
Collor defeats Lula

10. Brazilian Political Parties: After Collor: LeftPT
National organization
Tied to labor union movement
PDT
Regionally based (Rio de Janeiro/South)
Remnants of Vargas organizations
PSB
Leftist intellectuals
Brazilian Political Parties: After Collor: Left

11. Political Parties after Collor: The Brazilian Center
PSDB (Brazilian Social Democratic Party
Social Democratic ideology (center-left, similar to Democratic Party in the USA)
Formed in 1988 from PMDB dissidents
Led by Henrique Cardoso
PMDB
Successor to MDB
Tied to state political machines
Strongly personalist

12. Brazilian Political Parties after Collor: Center Right
PTB (different than pre-1964 PTB)
Reorganized by Ivete Vargas in 1981
PFL (Liberal Front Party)
Split in Arena to back candidacy of Trancredo Neves
PPB (Brazilian Progressive Party)
formed in 1995
Some ruminants of ARENA

13. 1994 Presidential Election
Itamar Franco as a caretaker president
Another accidental presidency
Fernando Henrique Cardoso as architect of economic recovery {Real Plan}
Voting in 1994
One Round Only
Cardoso 54%
Luis Inacio “Lula” de Silva 27%

14. President Fernando Henrique Carsodo
Rio de Janeiro native
Son of an Army officer
Spent much of the military regime in exile

15. Presidential Election of 1998
Fernando Henrique Cardoso Reelected
One Round Only
Luis Inacio “Lula” de Silva 32%
Cardoso 53%
Winning coalition
Social Democrats (PSDB)
Liberal Front (PFL) party of Jose Sarney
Labor Party (PTB) party of Ivette Vargas
Presidential Election of 1998

16. 1998 Election Results

17. Presidential Election of 2002 Winner: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Birthplace: Caetes, Pernambuco (27 October 1945
Family migrated to Sao Paulo
Political Party (PT)
Coalition Partners
: PC do B, PRB, PMDB, PL, PSB, PP, PMN

18. Summary of the 6 October and 27 October 2002 Brazil presidential election results
Candidates Votes %1st round Votes % 2nd round Luis Ignacio Lula da Silva 39,436, ,772, (PT, PL, PC do B, PMN, PCB, PV)
Jose Serra ,694, , (PSDB, PMDB,PP)
Anthony Garotinho ,176, (PSB, PGT ,PCB)

20. 2006 Presidential Election
Geraldo Alckmin: Opposition to Lula
Candidate of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) Resigned from his position as governor of Sao Paulo to run for president
2006 Presidential Election

21. 2006 Presidential Election: Lula again – two rounds

22. 2010 -Presidential Debate: Round 1

23. Lula Backs Dilma 1000%

24. Presidential candidate
Running mate
First Round October 3
Popular vote
Absolute
Percentage
Dilma Rousseff (PT)
Michel Temer (PMDB)
47,651,434
46.91%
José Serra (PSDB)
Indio da Costa (DEM)
33,132,283
32.61%
Marina Silva (PV)
Guilherme Leal (PV)
19,636,359
19.33%
Plínio de Arruda Sampaio (PSOL)
Hamilton Assis (PSOL
886,816
0.87%
José Maria Eymael (PSDC)
José Paulo da Silva Neto (PSDC)
89,350
0.09%
José Maria de Almeida (PSTU)
Cláudia Durans (PSTU)
84,609
0.08%
Levy Fidélix (PRTB)
Luiz Eduardo Ayres Duarte (PRTB)
57,960
0.06%
Ivan Pinheiro (PCB)
Edmilson Costa (PCB)
39,136
0.04%
Rui Costa Pimenta (PCO)
Edson Dorta Silva (PCO)
12,206
0.01%
Valid votes
101,590,153
91.36%
→ Blank votes
3,479,340
3.13%
→ Null votes
6,124,254
5.51%
Total votes
111,193,747
81.88%
→ Abstention
24,610,296
18.12%
Electorate
135,804,433
100.00%

25. Round 2 Presidential – 2010 Dilma Rousseff Nominee José Serra Party PT
Nominee
Dilma Rousseff
José Serra
Party PT
PSDB
Home state
Minas Gerais
São Paulo
Running mate
Michel Temer
Indio da Costa
States carried
15 + DF 11
Popular vote
55,752,483
43,711,162
Percentage
56.05%
43.95%
Round 2 Presidential – 2010

26. Geographic Distribution of Support: Round 2 – Presidential 2010

27. Hundreds of supporters celebrate Dilma Rousseff's victory on Paulista Avenue in São Paulo