1. Preventing, diagnosing, and resolving the 20 most common dashboard performance problems
Dr. Berg
Comerit Inc.

2. Background
We already covered hardware sizing, compatibility and server options in a prior session, so now we will look at the application, design and interfaces.
We will specifically look at dashboard design, query design, connectivity impacts, in-memory processing options as well as dashboard performance monitoring options.

3. Functionality Vs. Performance - What wins?

4. What We’ll Cover …
Background
Connectivity and Backend
Query Performance
Dashboard Design
Infrastructure and In-Memory Processing
Pre-Caching and Aggregates
Performance Testing: Load and Stress
EarlyWatch and The Performance Checklist
Wrap-up

5. Connectivity and Performance
As we covered in the earlier session, the type of connectivity matters for the performance
1. BICS connectors performs well
2. Avoid the MDX interface
(it is slow)
3. Avoid direct
access to the
InfoProviders
since this
bypasses
the BI analytical
engine in SAP
BW.
Source: SAP AG, 2011
Always pick the fastest interface available for the data source you are building dashboard on

6. Data Connectivity — Crystal Reports and Live Office
You can use transient providers to create real-time dashboards on-top of ERP data.
You can also use Crystal for detailed drill-down analysis.
If you always use the "refresh on load” option for Live Office connections, your users will experience periodic slow performance.
By leveraging the aggregation in Crystal Reports 2011, you can also get faster Xcelsisus dashboard response time.

7. Backend - Build on a Solid Performance Foundation
Real example
Modularize the data and create sub-sets of data for really fast dashboarding.
Generic 'metrics' data tables can be created for summarized KPI and scorecard dashboards.
The summary, or snapshot data can be accessed much faster than underlying data tables with millions of records.

8. Backend - WebI and Xcelsisus Performance Architecture
Real example
In this example, the company use snapshots for performance reasons
Dashboards for executive users
Pre-delivered WebI reports for casual users
Ad-hoc WebI reports for power users
The dashboards are only built on the low volume daily snapshot cube (this is also placed in BWA for very high-performance).

9. What We’ll Cover …
Background
Connectivity and Backend
Query Performance
Dashboard Design
Infrastructure and In-Memory Processing
Pre-Caching and Aggregates
Performance Testing: Load and Stress
EarlyWatch and The Performance Checklist
Wrap-up

10. Query Read Modes
There are three query read modes that determines the amount of data to be fetched from a database and sent to the application server:
1. Read all data
All data is read from a database and stored in user memory space
2. Read data during navigation
Data is read from a database only on demand during navigation
3. Read data during navigation and when expanding the hierarchy
Data is read when requested by users in navigation
Key Feature: Reading data during navigation minimizes the impact on the application server resources because only data that the user requires will be retrieved

11. Recommendation: Query Read Mode for Large Hierarchies
For queries involving large hierarchies, it is smart to select Read data during navigation and when expanding this option to avoid reading data for the hierarchy nodes that are not expanded.
Reserve the Read all data mode for special queries— i.e. when a majority of the users need a given query to slice and dice against all dimensions, or data mining
This places heavy demand on database and memory resources and may impact other BW processes
A query read mode can be defined on an individual query or as a default for new queries (transaction RSRT)
Recommendations for OLAP Universes & WebI analysis
1. Use of hierarchy variable is recommended
2. Hierarchy support in SAP Web Intelligence for SAP BW is limited
3. The Use Query Drill option significantly improves drilldown performance
4. Look at the 'Query Stripping' option for power users. 10 10

12. Reduce the use of conditions-and-exceptions reporting
Conditions & exceptions are usually processed by the application server
This generates additional data transfer between database & application servers
If conditions and exceptions have to be used, the amount of data to be processed should be minimized with filters
When multiple drilldowns are required, separate the drilldown steps by using free characteristics rather than rows and columns
BENEFIT: This results in a smaller initial result set, and therefore faster query processing and data transport as compared to a query where all characteristics are in rows
This approach separates the drill-down steps. In addition to accelerating query processing, it provides the user more manageable portions of data.

13. Performance settings for Query Execution
This decides how many records are read during navigation.
In 7.x BI: OLAP engine can read deltas into the cache. Does not invalidate existing query cache.
Examine the request status when reading the InfoProvider
Turn off/on parallel processing
When will the query program be
regenerated based on database
statistics
Displays the level of statistics collected.

14. Filters in Queries used in Dashboards
Using filters contributes to reducing the number of database reads and the size of the result set, thereby significantly improving query runtimes.
Filters are especially valuable
when associated with large
dimensions, where there
is a large number of
characteristics such as
customers and document
numbers.

15. The RSRT Transaction to examine slow queries
P1 of 3
The RSRT transaction is one of the most beneficial transaction to examine the query performance and to conduct 'diagnostic' on slow queries from the BW system.

16. Do you need an aggregate - some hints
P2 of 3
This suggests that an Aggregate would have been beneficial

17. Get Database Info
P3 of 3
In this example, the basis team should be involved to research why the Oracle settings are not per SAP's recommendation
The RSRT and RSRV codes are key for debugging and analyzing slow queries.
HINT: Track front-end data transfers & OLAP performance by using RSTT in SAP 7.0 BI (RSRTRACE in BW 3.5)

18. Debug Queries using the transaction- RSRT
Using RSRT you can execute the query and see each breakpoint, thereby debugging the query and see where the execution is slow.
Try running slow queries in debug mode with parallel processing deactivated to see if they run faster.

19. Recommendation for Key Figures in OLAP universes
A large number of Key Figures in the BEx query will incur a significant performance penalty when running queries, regardless of whether the Key Figures are included in the universe
Only include KFs used for the dashboard in the BEx query (keep it small)
This performance impact is due to time spent loading metadata for units, executed for all measures in the query
After SAP BusinessObjects Enterprise XI 3.1 FP 1.1, the impact of large number of key figures was somewhat reduced by retrieving metadata information only when the unit/currency metadata info is selected. However, this is still best practice 18

20. The Performance Killers - Restrictive Key Figures
When Restrictive Key Figures (RKF) are included in a query, conditioning is done for each of them during query execution. This is very time consuming and a high number of RKFs can seriously hurt query performance
My Recommendation: Reduce RKFs in the query to as few as possible. Also, define calculated & RKFs on the Infoprovider level instead of locally within the query. Why?:
Benefit: Formulas within an Infoprovider are returned at runtime and held in cache.
Drawback: Local formulas and selections are calculated with each navigation step.

21. Recommendation for OLAP universes:
Dashboard Performance Killers - Calculated Key Figures
Calculated Key Figures (CKF) are computed
during run-time, and a many CKFs can slow
down the query performance.
How to fix this:
Many of the CKF can be done during data loads & physically stored in the InfoProvider. This reduces the number of computations and the query can use simple table reads instead. Do not use total rows when not required (this require additional processing on the OLAP side).
Recommendation for OLAP universes:
RKF and CKF should be built as part of the underlying BEx query to use the SAP BW back-end processing for better performance
Queries with a larger set of such KFs should use the “Use Selection of Structure Members” option in the Query Monitor (RSRT) to leverage the OLAP engine

22. What We’ll Cover …
Background
Connectivity and Backend
Query Performance
Dashboard Design
Infrastructure and In-Memory Processing
Pre-Caching and Aggregates
Performance Testing: Load and Stress
EarlyWatch and The Performance Checklist
Wrap-up

23. Dashboard Performance Hint: The Number of Rows in the Result Set
Limit the number of rows in your result set to between
In exceptional cases when you have leveraged other performance tuning methods, you may extend this to up to 1,000 rows.
The Length of each records (# of columns) and the data type also impacts performance
Returning query result sets with few records of a numeric type or with keys and indicators provides for the best dashboard performance

24. Divide and Get Performance
Link to Details Dashboard
Drilldown Options
Split your dashboards into logical units & get new data when drilldowns are executed. This keeps the result set for each query small and also decreases the load time for each dashboard

25. Excel Performance Considerations - What to Avoid
The logic you build into your Excel Spreadsheet is also compiled into the flash file when you export it.
Since some 'daisy-chain' functions are very time consuming, you should be careful to not add to many condition in the data. Lookup functions and conditioning that should be avoided include:
Lookups
Mid strings (MID)
Right and left strings (RIGHT/LEFT)
Horizontal Lookups (HLOOKUP)
Vertical Lookups (VLOOKUP)
Condition
General conditioning (IF)
Count if a condition is true (COUNTIF)
Sum if a condition is true (SUMIF)
Complex logic and nested logic creates large swf files takes a long time to open. Try to keep as much of the calculations and logic in the query instead of the spreadsheet.

26. The BI Analytical Engine and Sorting
Sorting is done by the BI Analytical Engine. Like all computer systems, sorting data in a reports with large result sets can be time consuming.
Reduce the number of sorts in the 'default view'. This will provide the users with data faster. They can then choose to sort the data themselves.
User Sorts themselves
Hint: Reducing the text in query will also speed up the query processing time 25

27. Dashboard Objects that Can Cause Slow Performance
These are dashboard objects you need to carefully consider before employing them. 26

28. What We’ll Cover …
Background
Connectivity and Backend
Query Performance
Dashboard Design
Infrastructure and In-Memory Processing
Pre-Caching and Aggregates
Performance Testing: Load and Stress
EarlyWatch and The Performance Checklist
Wrap-up

29. It is all about Performance, Performance, Performance
It is hard to build a fast dashboard with many queries and panels without BW Accelerator. This provides in-memory processing of queries that is faster.
What we simply do is placing the data in-memory and retrieving it much faster. There are also some limited OLAP functionality that can be built in BWA 7.3, but most data processing still occurs in the BI Analytical engine.
You can also place non-SAP data in-memory, using BOBJ data Services.

30. BW Accelerator Performance Increases - real example
Number of Queries
Seconds
The major improvement is to make query execution more predictable and overall faster
Number of Queries
Seconds 29

31. BI Analytical Engine’s Query Executing Priorities
Query Execution Without SAP NetWeaver BW Accelerator
Query Execution With SAP NetWeaver BW Accelerator
Information Broadcasting / Precalculation
Information Broadcasting / Precalculation
Query Cache
Query Cache
Aggregates
SAP BW Accelerator
InfoProvider
Aggregates can be replaced with SAP BW Accelerator, while the memory cache is still useful.

32. What We’ll Cover …
Background
Connectivity and Backend
Query Performance
Dashboard Design
Infrastructure and In-Memory Processing
Pre-Caching and Aggregates
Performance Testing: Load and Stress
EarlyWatch and The Performance Checklist
Wrap-up

33. Different Uses of the MDX and the OLAP Cache
The OLAP Cache is used by BW as the core in-memory data set. It retrieves the data from the server if the data set is available.
The Cache is based on First-in --> Last out.
This means that the query result set that was accessed by one user at 8:00am may no longer be available in-memory when another user is accessing it at 1:00pm.
Therefore, queries may appear to run slower sometimes.
The MDX cache is used by MDX based interfaces, including the OLAP Universe.

34. Use the BEx Broadcaster to Pre-Fill the Cache
Distribution Types
You can increase query speed by broadcasting the query result of commonly used queries to the cache.
Users do not need to execute the query from the database. Instead the result is already in the system memory (much faster).

35. The Memory Cache Size
The OLAP Cache is by default 100 MB for local and 200 MB for global use
This may be too low...
Look at available hardware and work with you basis team to see if you can increase this.
If you decide to increase the cache, use the transaction code RSCUSTV14.
WARNING: The Cache is not used when a query contains a virtual key figure or virtual characteristics, or when the query is accessing a transactional DSO, or a virtual InfoProvider

36. Monitor Application Servers and Adjust Cache Size
To monitor the usage of the cache on each of the application servers, use transaction code RSRCACHE and also periodically review the analysis of load distribution using ST03N – Expert Mode
PS! The size of OLAP Cache is physically limited by the amount of memory set in system parameter rsdb/esm/buffersize_kb.
The settings are available in RSPFPAR and RZ11.

37. The Four Options for OLAP Cache Persistence Settings
CACHE OLAP Persistence settings
Note
When
What
t-code
Default
Flatfile
Change the logical file BW_OLAP_CACHE when installing the system (not valid name)
FILE
Optional
Cluster table
Medium and small result sets
RSR_CACHE_DBS_IX RSR_CACHE_DB_IX
Binary Large Objects (blob)
Best for large result sets
RSR_CACHE_DBS_BL RSR_CACHE_DB_BL
Available since BW 7.0 SP 14
Blob/Cluster Enhanced
No central cache directory or lock concept (enqueue). The mode is not available by default.
Set RSR_CACHE_ACTIVATE_NEW RSADMIN VALUE=x

38. Correct Aggregates Are Easy to Build
We can create proposals from the query, last navigation by users, or by BW statistics
Create aggregate proposals based on queries that are performing poorly.
Create aggregate proposals based on BW statistics. For example:
Select the run time of queries to be analyzed
Select time period to be analyzed
Only those queries executed in this time period will be reviewed to create the proposal

39. Activate the aggregate
The process of turning 'on' the aggregates is simple

40. Fill aggregate with summary data

41. What We’ll Cover …
Background
Connectivity and Backend
Query Performance
Dashboard Design
Infrastructure and In-Memory Processing
Pre-Caching and Aggregates
Performance Testing: Load and Stress
EarlyWatch and The Performance Checklist
Wrap-up

42. Performance Testing: Load and Stress
Load testing is done to 20% of the named user base
Turn off the cache (we assume all hits 'new data')
Execute the Dashboard URLs using a tool or a simple JavaScript
Monitor database, portal and BI system load
Log response time and have multiple browsers and PCs hitting the data from multiple locations (network testing)
Stress Testing is done at 40% of named user base
The test is done the same way as on the load testing, just with more 'users'
The system may not be able to pass at this level, but the break-points are identified
All Dashboard systems should be load tested to 20% of user base prior to go-live

43. Server Locations and Network Capacity
Having a central global install of BI 4.x with many users, can cause significant network load and performance issues
Consider the network topology, capacity and the user locations before implementing global dashboards

44. What We’ll Cover …
Background
Connectivity and Backend
Query Performance
Dashboard Design
Infrastructure and In-Memory Processing
Pre-Caching and Aggregates
Performance Testing: Load and Stress
EarlyWatch and The Performance Checklist
Wrap-up

45. EarlyWatch Reports in Solution Manager
EarlyWatch reports provide a simple way to confirm how your system is running and to catch problems
A “goldmine” for system recommendations
EarlyWatch reports are available since Solution manager version 3.2 SP8.
The more statistics cubes you have activated in BW, the better usage information you will get. Depending on your version of SAP BW, you can activate InfoCubes. Also, make sure you capture statistics at the query level (set it to 'all').
System issues can be hard to pin-down without access to EarlyWatch reports. Monitoring reports allows you to tune the system before user complains

46. Information about an pending 'disaster'
This system is about to 'crash'
The system is growing by 400+ Gb per month, the app server is 100% utilized and the Db server is at 92%.
This customer needed to improve the hardware to get the query performance to an acceptable level

47. The Dashboard Performance Checklist
1. The hardware servers - Check Sizing
2. The server locations and networks - Check Loads
3. Query review - Look at database time, calculation time and design
4. Interface review - Make sure you are using the best for the data source
5. Dashboard review - Look at Excel logic, container usage, number of flash objects, sorts, size of result set & simplification opportunities
6. In-memory review - Look at cache usage, hit rations and BWA usage
7. Review data sources - Examine if snapshots can be leveraged and look for
possibilities to create aggregates
8. Examine compatibilities between browsers, flash and office versions
9. Review PC performance issues - memory, disk and processors
Performance is complex, look at more than one area (i.e. web portal bottlenecks and LDAP servers)

48. What We’ll Cover …
Background
Connectivity and Backend
Query Performance
Dashboard Design
Infrastructure and In-Memory Processing
Pre-Caching and Aggregates
Performance Testing: Load and Stress
EarlyWatch and The Performance Checklist
Wrap-up

49. SAP Business Objects Tuning by Steve-Bickerton
Resources
Tuning SAP BusinessObjects Solutions for Optimal Performance: Tips from the Trenches by Chris Dinkel
Requires log-on at
SAP Business Objects Tuning by Steve-Bickerton
wp.broadstreetdata.com/wp-content/uploads/BOCX-Speaker-Performance-Tuning_-Steve-Bickerton.pdf
SAP MarketPlace for Sizing guidelines
SBO_BI_4_ 0_Dashboard_designer.pdf - requires log-on to service.sap.com

50. 7 Key Points to Take Home
Dashboards are all about performance, performance and performance
You have to spend time on the backend performance tuning
Avoid direct querying of high data volumes, create summaries instead
Consider in-memory processing for all critical dashboards
Your interface to the data will impact the performance - avoid MDX
Size your hardware one size 'too big' - it is hard to make a second 'first impression'.
Use a gradual rollout of your dashboards, monitor the performance and conduct load and stress tests before any major go-lives.

51. How to contact me: Dr. Berg bberg@comerit.com
Your Turn!
How to contact me:
Dr. Berg

52. Disclaimer
SAP, R/3, mySAP, mySAP.com, SAP NetWeaver®, Duet®, PartnerEdge, and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP AG in Germany and in several other countries all over the world. All other product and service names mentioned are the trademarks of their respective companies. Wellesley Information Services is neither owned nor controlled by SAP.