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SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu

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1 SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu
The Cerebellum SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu

2 Position of Cerebellum
Situated in the posterior cranial fossa Covered superiorly by the tentorium of cerebellum Cerebellum

3 Position of Cerebellum
Magnetic resonance images of the cerebellum of a 16-year-old female. Sagittal slice.

4 Gross Appearance of Cerebellum
Consists of two cerebellar hemisphere joined by a narrow median vermis

5 Gross Appearance of Cerebellum
Superior view Anterior and posterior cerebellar notches Primary fissure Inferior view Tonsil of cerebellum: two elevated masses on inferior surface of hemispheral portion just nearby foramen magnum Posterolateral fissure

6 Gross Appearance of Cerebellum
Nodule Uvula of vermis Pyramid of vermis Tuber of vermis

7 Lobs of Cerebellum Two deep fissures Three lobs
Primary fissure Posterolateral fissure Three lobs Flocculonodular lobe flocculus and nodule Anterior lobe Posterior lobe Corpus of cerebellar 小脑体

8 Structure of the Cerebellum
Gray matter Cerebellar cortex Cerebellar nuclei Dentate nucleus Fastigial nucleus Interposed nuclei Emboliform nucleus Globose nucleus White matter-medulla

9 Structure of the Cerebellum
Cerebellar cortex Fastigial nucleus Globose nucleus Dentate nucleus Emboliform nucleus medullary center

10 Three Functional Divisions
Vestibulocerebellum Archicerebellum Flocculonodular lobe Spinocerebellum Paleocerebellum Anterior lobe and uvula and pyramid of vermis Cerebrocerebellum Neocerebellum Posterior lobe except uvula and pyramid of vermis

11 White matter of cerebellum
Three peduncles Inferior cerebellar peduncle -connect with medulla and with spinal cord, contain both afferent and efferent fibers Middle cerebellar peduncle -connect with pons, contain afferent fibers Superior cerebellar peduncle -connect with midbrain, contain mostly efferent fibers

12 Connections and Function of Cerebellum
Archicerebellum (Vestibulocerebellum) Connections Afferents: receive input from vestibular nuclei and primary vestibular Efferents: projects to the vestibular nucleus → vestibulospinal tract and medial longitudinal fasciculus → motor neurons of anterior horn Function: involved in eye movements and maintain balance

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14 Connections and Function of Cerebellum
Paleocerebellum (Spinocerebellum) Connnection Afferents: receive somatic sensory information via spinocerebellar tracts Efferents fibers: projects to the fastigial and interposed nuclei → vestibular nuclei, reticular formation and red nucleus → vestibulospinal tract, reticulospinal tract and rubrospinal tract → motor neurons of anterior horn Function: control of muscle tone

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16 Connections and Function of Cerebellum
Neocerebellum (Cerebrocerebellum) Connection Afferents: receives input from the cerebral cortex via a relay in pontine nuclei Efferents: projects to dentate nucleus → dorsal thalamus and red nucleus→ primary motor cortex → corticospinal tract → motor neurons of anterior horn Function: coordinator of precise movements

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18 fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) of a volunteer executing repetitive finger movements of the right hand. The arm/trunk areal activity is attributable to a stabilization function.


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