1. Exploring Mendelian Genetics 11-3

2. GENES are more complicated than Mendel thought
____________________________ the ________________________.
= ________________________
Genes ________ the ______ for development, but how plan unfolds also _______ on ______________conditions.

3. GENES are more complicated than Mendel thought
Some traits have ____________ allele __________
= ____________________
EX: blood type
Allele choices ___ ___ ___

4. GENES are more complicated than MENDEL thought
Some traits are determined by
____________________________
= __________________
EX: human height intelligence, skin & eye color

5. GENES are more complicated than MENDEL thought
Traits determined by ____________ _________ have _____ “___________” phenotypes
There aren’t just SMART people
and DUMB people….
there is a ________________
of intelligences in-between

6. GENES are more complicated than MENDEL thought
KINDS OF DOMINANCE
____________________

7. COMPLETE DOMINANCE __________ allele _______ the ___________ one
PATTERN ? ____________ allele ________
in a _____ratio in the ____ generation

8. INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE __________ expected _____ ratio in F2 generation
_____________ organisms with one dominant and one recessive allele show a _________ in-between trait
Image modified from:

9. CO-DOMINANCE
_______ traits are expressed at ___________ (____________________) in heterozygote
A ________HORSE has ______________ hair and __________ hair
side by side

10. CO-DOMINANCE
Both traits are expressed together (NO BLENDING) in heterozygote
Persons with an A allele AND a B allele have blood type AB

11. Membrane proteins with _______ attached that help cells recognize self
REMEMBER
Membrane proteins with _______ attached that help cells recognize self
= ______________

12. BLOOD TYPES have more than 2 allele choices = _________________________
The pattern of sugars that is attached is determined by genes
Allele choices are:
_____ ____ ____

13. BLOOD TYPES An A allele tells the cell to put “A” glycoproteins
on its surface

14. BLOOD TYPES A B allele tells the cell to put a
different “B” glycoprotein
on its surface

15. BLOOD TYPES An O allele tells
the cell NOT to put anything on the surface

16. A and B are CO-DOMINANT A cell with BOTH an A and a B allele has BOTH
glycoproteins on its surface

17. PHENOTYPE (BLOOD TYPE)
BLOOD TYPES & ALLELES
GENOTYPE
PHENOTYPE (BLOOD TYPE) AA AO BB BO OO AB

18. A and AB see A as “like me” as Different!
DONOR BLOOD
A and AB see A as “like me”
B and O see A
as Different!
IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS!
Body images modified from:

19. B and AB see B as “like me” as Different!
DONOR BLOOD
B and AB see B as “like me”
A and O see B
as Different!
IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS!
Body images modified from:

20. ____ can donate to EVERY BLOOD TYPE = _____________________
DONOR BLOOD
____ can donate to EVERY BLOOD TYPE
= _____________________
Nothing on surface to
recognize as “NOT SELF”
YOU DON’T HAVE ANYTHING I DON’T HAVE!
Body images modified from:

21. Only AB sees AB as “like me”
DONOR BLOOD
Only AB sees AB as “like me”
A, B, and O see AB as Different!
IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS!
Body images modified from:

22. AB can only GIVE to AB BUT . . .
______ can RECEIVE FROM
EVERY BLOOD TYPE
= ________________________
Body image modified from:

23. BLOOD TYPE FREQUENCY IN USA
40% B
10% AB 4% O
46%

24. ABO SYSTEM is NOT THE ONLY ONE
Rh Rh-

25. OTHER BLOOD TYPES ____________________ IF: MOM is _____ & BABY is ____
Image modified from:

26. Can be a ___________ IF: Mom is _____ Baby is _____
1st baby OK but few baby cells
entering mom’s bloodstream
put mom’s immune system on
alert for + cells.
Next + baby, mom’s immune
system can attack baby as it is
growing
Mom given shot after 1st birth prevents this
Image modified from:

27. DIHYBRID CROSSES (2 traits)

28. Mendel also asked the question?
Does the gene that determines if a seed
is round or wrinkled have anything to
do with the gene for seed shape?
Must a seed that is yellow
also be round?

29. MAKING A CROSS with ______________ traits = ____________________
A Punnett square for a DIHYBRID CROSS looks like this:

30. Figure 11-10 Independent Assortment in Peas
Section 11-3

31. LAW OF __________________________
the factors are distributed to gametes independently of other factors
INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
Image modified from:

32. LET’S MAKE A DIHYBRID CROSS
HOMOZYGOUS
YELLOW ROUND
HOMOZYGOUS
GREEN WRINKLED
1. ___________ what _________________ are
2. ________correct__________ square __________
3. ______ possible_______________________
4. ______ boxes with _____________________
5. Determine ____________of_____________& ____________
Figure out parent alleles
Choose Punnett size
Put in parent gametes
Fill in offspring combinations
probabilities phenotypes genotypes

33. PRACTICE MAKING GAMETES
WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE GAMETES
THIS PARENT CAN MAKE?
HOMOZYGOUS ROUND YELLOW
Each gamete should get one of each kind of gene
__ __ __ __
___________ ____________ _____________ _____________

34. PRACTICE MAKING GAMETES
WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE GAMETES
THIS PARENT CAN MAKE?
Each gamete should get one of each kind of gene
HOMOZYGOUS WRINKLED GREEN
__ __ __ __
___________ ____________ _____________ _____________

35. PRACTICE MAKING GAMETES
WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE GAMETES
THIS PARENT CAN MAKE?
HETEROZYGOUS ROUND YELLOW
Each gamete should get one of each kind of gene
__ __ __ __
___________ ____________ _____________ _____________

36. 100% of offspring = _______ genotype
_______________________ phenotype

37. MAKE ANOTHER CROSS
HETEROZYGOUS ROUND YELLOW
HETEROZYGOUS ROUND YELLOW

38. POSSIBLE PARENT GAMETES?

39. Sign of a ______________________ cross is a
____ Round & Yellow
____ Round & green
____ Wrinkled & yellow
____ wrinkled & green
Sign of a ______________________ cross is a
_____________ ratio in offspring.

40. __________ratio is a clue that it’s a
____ ____________ TRAIT 1 ; ____________ TRAIT 2
____ ____________ TRAIT 1; _____________ TRAIT 2
____ ____________ TRAIT 1; _____________ TRAIT 2
__________ratio is a clue that it’s a
____________________________cross

41. PRACTICE MAKING GAMETES for DIHYBRID CROSSES

42. What are the possible gametes?
pure round & pure tall = __________
____ ____ _____ ______
What gametes can it produce?    

43. What are the possible gametes?
Heterozygous Tall = __________
& pure round
____ ____ _____ ______
What gametes can it produce?    

44. What are the possible gametes?
Hybrid tall = __________
& pure wrinkled
____ ____ _____ ______
What gametes can it produce?    

45. What are the possible gametes?
Heterozygous tall = __________
& hybrid round
____ ____ _____ ______
What gametes can it produce?    