1. 1960’s: Kennedy & LBJ
Domestic Policy

2. Kennedy 1960-1963 Vice President: Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ)
1960 election – John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon
Kennedy would win on the idealism of “ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country”
Kennedy promised new solutions in the defense of freedom overseas (foreign policy) and problems at home
“New Frontier” – meant to symbolize the vigor of youth in contrast to complacency of government under Eisenhower
Kennedy

3. Proposed Domestic Policy
Tax cuts to stimulate the economy
Department of Urban Affairs
Medicare
Civil Rights bill
Housing subsidies
Immigration reform
federal aid to education
** would not pass under Kennedy but later under Lyndon Johnson

4. Achievements:
Rights for the Disabled – established President’s Council on Mental Retardation and the Special Olympics
Rights for Women – established federal commission to report on the status of women and signed the Equal Pay Act in 1963
The Space Race - Kennedy would start the journey to the moon.
*Alan Shepard – first American to travel into space
* John Glenn would be first American to orbit the Earth

5. Legislation:
Peace Corps
Civil Rights Act of 1964

6. The Country Mourns Kennedy is Assassinated –
November 22, 1963 – Kennedy is shot in
Dallas, TX by Lee Harvey Oswald
The murder was investigated by Warren Commission , led by Supreme Court Chief Justice – Earl Warren and it found Oswald had acted alone.

7. LBJ Becomes President

8. Lyndon B. Johnson Vice President was Hubert Humphrey
Highly skilled and connected in Congress begins to pass legislation quickly
passes civil rights bill and other measures in a tribute to President Kennedy including income tax reduction to stimulate the economy
“War on Poverty” – previously a teacher, he had tough impoverish students including children of Mexican immigrants and this experience pushed him towards equal opportunity for all Americans not just the rich

9. “Great Society” – social reform; aimed to turn the U. S
“Great Society” – social reform; aimed to turn the U.S. to a more egalitarian society by opening opportunities up for all Americans
*Medicare and Medicaid provided health insurance to seniors and others
*Project Head Start helped low-income children ages 3-5 prepare for elementary school
-federal aid to education was dependent on desegregation
*Housing and Urban Development Act gave assistance to cities – clearing out slums and improving living conditions of residents
*Appalachian Regional Development Act gave aid to one of America’s most impoverished regions – created new jobs and industries – reached from southern New York to Mississippi
*Immigration Act of 1965 – ended discriminatory “national origins” policy which helped those from Western Europe; each country was designated with the same number of immigrants each year
The Great Society would fall to the Vietnam War – Vietnam took funding from the programs but also challenged Johnson’s authority as supporters shifted under his handling of the war.

10. Achievements:
The Economic Opportunity Act 1964 created the Office of Economic Opportunity to administer programs including:
Job Corps – to train underprivileged youths
VISTA – Volunteers in Service to America: a domestic “peace corps” of volunteers performing services in depressed areas
Community action programs
** Most of LBJ’s Great Society passed because of Kennedy’s death. They were Kennedy’s plans**

11. Legislation:
College Facilities Clean Air Vocational Education Indian Vocational Training Manpower Training
Inter-American Development Bank Kennedy Cultural Center Tax Reduction Presidential Transition Federal Airport Aid Farm Program Chamizal Convention Pesticide Controls International Development Association Civil Rights Act of 1964 Campobello International Park Urban Mass Transit Water Resources Research Federal Highway Civil Service Pay Raise War on Poverty Criminal Justice Truth-in-Securities Medicine Bow National Forest Ozark Scenic Riverway Administrative Conference Fort Bowie Historic Site Food Stamp Housing Act Interest Equalization Wilderness Areas Nurse Training Revenues for Recreation Fire Island National Seashore Library Services Federal Employee Health Benefits
Medicare Aid to Education Higher Education Four Year Farm Program Department of Housing and Urban Development Housing Act Social Security Increase Deaf-Blind Center College Work Study Rail Strike Settlement Voting Rights Fair Immigration Law Older Americans Heart, Cancer, Stroke Program Law Enforcement Assistance National Crime Commission Drug Controls Mental Health Facilities Health Professions Medical Libraries Vocational Rehabilitation Anti-Poverty Program Arts and Humanities Foundation Aid to Appalachia Highway Beauty Clean Air Water Pollution Control High Speed Transit Manpower Training Presidential Disability Child Health Regional Development Aid to Small Businesses Weather-Predicting Services Military Pay Increase GI Life Insurance Community Health Services Water Resources Council Water Desalting Assateague National Seashore Whiskeytown National Recreation Area Delaware Water Gap Recreation Area Juvenile Delinquency Control Arms Control Strengthening U.N. Charter International Coffee Agreement Retirement for Public Servants
Food for India Child Nutrition Department of Transportation Truth in Packaging Model Cities Rent Supplements Teachers Corps Asian Development Bank Clean Rivers Aid-to-Handicapped Children Redwoods Park Flaming Gorge Recreation Area Food for Freedom Child Safety Narcotics Rehabilitation Traffic Safety Highway Safety Mine Safety International Education Bail Reform Tire Safety New GI Bill Minimum Wage Increase Urban Mass Transit Civil Procedure Reform Federal Highway Aid Military Medicare Public Health Reorganization Cape Lookout Seashore Water Research Guadalupe National Park Revolutionary War Bicentennial Fish-Wildlife Preservation Water for Peace Anti-Inflation Program Scientific Knowledge Exchange Cultural Materials Exchange Foreign Investors Tax Parcel Post Reform Civil Service Pay Raise Stockpile Sales Participation Certificates Protection for Savings Flexible Interest Rates Freedom of Information
Education Professions Education Act Air Pollution Control Partnership for Health Social Security Increases Age Discrimination Wholesome Meat Flammable Fabrics Urban Research Public Broadcasting Outer Space Treaty Modern D.C. Government Vietnam Veterans Benefits Federal Judicial Center Civilian-Postal Workers Pay Summer Youth Programs
Fair Housing Indian Bill of Rights Safe Streets Wholesome Poultry Food for Peace Commodity Exchange Rules U.S. Grain Standards School Breakfasts Bank Protection Defense Production Corporate Takeovers Export Program Gold Cover Removal Truth-in-Lending Aircraft Noise Abatement Auto Insurance Study New Narcotics Bureau Gas Pipeline Safety Fire Safety Sea Grant Colleges D.C. School Board Tax Surcharge Better Housing International Monetary Reform International Grains Treaty Oil Revenues for Recreation Virgin Islands Elections San Rafael Wilderness San Gabriel Wilderness Fair Federal Juries Candidate Protection Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Guaranteed Student Loans D.C. Visitors Center FHA-VA Interest Rate Program Health Manpower Eisenhower College Gun Controls Aid-to-Handicapped Children Redwoods Park Flaming Gorge Recreation Area Biscayne Park Heart, Cancer, and Stroke Programs Hazardous Radiation Protection Colorado River Reclamation Scenic Rivers Scenic Trails National Water Commission Federal Magistrates Vocational Education Veterans Pension Increases North Cascades Park International Coffee Agreement Intergovernmental Manpower Dangerous Drugs Control Military Justice Code

12. -----1963----- Clean Air Vocational Education
Legislation:
Clean Air Vocational Education
Kennedy Cultural Center Tax Reduction Farm Program Civil Rights Act of 1964 War on Poverty Food Stamp Housing Act
Medicare Higher Education Department of Housing and Urban Devel. Voting Rights Fair Immigration Law Drug Controls Mental Health Facilities Anti-Poverty Program Water Pollution Control Child Health GI Life Insurance Strengthening U.N. Charter
Child Nutrition Department of Transportation Teachers Corps Child Safety Highway Safety New GI Bill Minimum Wage Increase Federal Highway Aid Public Health Reorganization Anti-Inflation Program
Education Act Air Pollution Control Wholesome Meat Public Broadcasting Outer Space Treaty Vietnam Veterans Benefits
Fair Housing Indian Bill of Rights New Narcotics Bureau Guaranteed Student Loans D.C. Visitors Center FHA-VA Interest Rate Program Gun Controls

13. Warren Commission
The U.S. Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren –
Asserted rights of African Americans
Expanded rights of all Americans
Protected individual rights
The court fell under accusations of “judicial activism” – accused that the Court should leave most of these decisions to elected branches of government (Congress):
Freedom of Speech – Yates v United States extended the right of free speech to members of the Communist Party
Equal Representation – Baker v Carr “one man, one vote” principle; reorganized the representation of those being represented in government; ended under representation of urban voters and over representation of rural voters
Freedom of Religion – Engel v Vitale the Court outlawed the use of school prayers in public schools, violation of First Amendment – free religious belief
Rights of Accused Persons – Gideon v Wainwright 1963 government must provide an attorney for anyone accused of a felony and cannot afford one. Gideon was arrested in Florida and told that he was not entitled to an attorney because he was not facing the death penalty; Gideon lost and was sentenced to 5 years in prison; after the Courts decision he was retried with an attorney and acquitted
Miranda v Arizona 1966 established “Miranda rights” a suspects confession cannot but used against a them in court unless they were first read their constitutional rights to remain silent, have an attorney present during questioning and one would be appointed if the suspect could not afford one.

14. Death of a President He was “avenging” the South.
Abraham Lincoln was killed on April 14, 1865
He was killed by John Wilkes Booth
He was killed at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C.
He was “avenging” the South.
John F. Kennedy was killed on November 22, 1963.
He was killed by Lee Harvey Oswald.
Kennedy was killed in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas.
Oswald killed Kennedy because he did not like what Kennedy stood for?

15. Conspiracy???
Find at least 4 conspiracy theories surrounding both Presidential assassinations. Decide if you believe any of them could be/are true. Write your own conspiracy theory for ONE of the two Presidents. Due Tomorrow!!