1. The Growth of Georgia
1789 – 1840

4. Education in Georgia
Abraham Baldwin, appointed by Governor Lyman Hall, wrote the charter creating UGA in 1783 and served as president from 1785 – 1801.
The university was founded in 1785 and is considered the first charter state university in the U.S.
They did not get the funding or the location settled until 1801 so classes were held outside by a sole faculty member.
1918- Girls were admitted to UGA causing enrollment to go over 1,000 for the first time. Today, they make up more than half of the population.
1961- UGA admitted its first African American students Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes after filing a lawsuit against UGA for ignoring the Brown vs Board decision. Their courage led to desegregation in other universities.
1970 – present-
UGA offers more than 170 academic majors
first mascot was a goat
Alumni numbers are close to 300,000.

5. Georgia’s Five Capitals
Prediction Questions
Throughout Georgia’s history, we have had FIVE different capital cities. Can you identify the cities marked on the map?
What observations can you make about the locations of all five cities?
The cities are numbered by their order in history, what observations can you make about the change of location over time? Make a prediction why.
In order to move west, Georgia is gaining more territory. Where is this land coming from?
Georgia’s Five Capitals 1 2 3 4 5
Savannah ( )
Augusta ( )
Louisville ( )
Milledgeville ( )
Atlanta (1868-Present)

6. Georgia’s FIVE Capitals
Savannah: Colonial capital and 1st capital city of Georgia.
Georgia’s capital from 1733 – ?
Location on the Georgia coast; aka- Yamcraw Bluff where Oglethorpe and colonists arrived to settle
Became the seat of the government
When Savannah was captured in the American Revolution, Georgia’s government fled the city and reconvened in Augusta
Augusta: 2nd
Head of navigation for the Savannah River
Georgia’s second oldest city
Due to War activities Georgia’s capital would rotate back and forth between Savannah and Augusta; therefore dates are difficult to assess
Today, attracts more than 250,000 golf fans annually for the Master’s Tournament.
Louisville: 3rd ( )
As the population moved west, Augusta became too far east.
Louisville was selected because its location was the new center of Georgia’s population.
Named after French King Louis for his assistance in the American Revolution.
Several factors brought an end to this location:
Malaria outbreak every year
Difficulty using the Ogeechee River as a trade route
Population continually moved northwest

7. Georgia’s FIVE Capitals
Milledgeville: 4th ( )
In 1802, Creek lands west of Louisville were ceded (given) to the state. The push to move further west was underway.
Keeping up with the population migration, the capital was then moved west
Cotton boom drew wealth and power to the city along with great population, including slave population
Served as the state capital for 60 years and through the Civil War
City was named for the then Governor John Milledge who had donated 40,000 acres of land to build UGA.
Atlanta: 5th and Current
The removal of Cherokees in 1838 led lawmakers to anticipate another westward movement of the capital.
The chartering of the Western and Atlantic Railroad led to the development of a town called Terminus, meaning end of the RR line.
Briefly renamed Marthasville after the Governor’s daughter (Martha)
Renamed Atlanta after the Western and Atlantic Railroad.
In 1868, after the Civil War, the capital was officially moved to Atlanta.

8. Technology
Does it help or hurt?

9. Intended Consequences Unintended Consequences
Consider the Following Text Messaging: fast and efficient method of communication at your finger tips.
Intended Consequences
Unintended Consequences
Eliminates long phone conversations
Allows you to message quickly and instantly
Loss of human interaction
Contributes to the inability to spell and communicate effectively (SMH, LOL, BTW, BRB)
1,000s of vehicular deaths yearly.

10. Cotton Gin Description
Tobacco was destroying the soil, so the state was looking for ways to make growing cotton profitable.
Eli Whitney invented this tool
Cotton was previously deseeded by hand at the rate of about ONE pound per day

11. How it worked…
Cotton Gin Video

12. Intended Consequences Unintended Consequences
Cotton Gin
Intended Consequences
Unintended Consequences
Was able to remove the seeds from 50 pounds of cotton each day
The south grew a majority of the world’s cotton by the end of the 19th century
Led to Westward Expansion
Negatives:
The south became dependent on one crop
Increased slavery

13. Railroads Created as a better way to transport cotton
1832 Georgia’s first railroad was chartered
Georgia was ranked in the top ten for railroad track mileage.
Developed partially from the concept of the steamboat
Built to be pulled by steam engines or horse.
Video

14. Intentional Consequences Unintentional Consequences
Railroads
Intentional Consequences
Unintentional Consequences
Easier Transportation of people and products
Solved issues of difficult transportation on rough roads
Took business away from freight traffic along rivers.
Made Atlanta the first major American city to be built on a location without a navigable river
First time for development of cities not along rivers
Brought economic prosperity to cities
Improved communication in the form of mail and telegraph lines.

15. The Thirst for Land

16. Original Boundaries in Georgia Charter of 1732
King George II granted James Oglethorpe and the Trustees a charter in 1732 to establish the colony of Georgia.
This charter provided that the new colony would consist of
Land between the Savannah River and Altamaha River
Eastern boundary the Atlantic Ocean
Western boundary the Pacific Ocean

17. Boundaries after French and Indian War
Georgia's original boundary remained the same from the founding of the colony until 1763.
The French and Indian War ended in a major territorial victory for the British. England, France, and Spain signed the Treaty of Paris in
Georgia took on a new shape as a result of that treaty:
Land between the Savannah and the Altamaha rivers
Western boundary became the Mississippi River

18. Boundaries after the American Revolution
After the American Revolution, Georgia gained access to a large amount of land from the Native Americans who sided with the British.
The 1783 Treaty of Paris, which ended the Revolutionary War and expanded Georgia’s boarders
North to Augusta
South to St. Marys River
Western border stayed at the Mississippi River

19. Boundaries as a result of the Yazoo Land Fraud
Many of those involved fled the state
Georgia lost land and money:
Georgia’s western boundary was moved to the Chattahoochee River

20. Headright System Description: Used to distribute land until 1795
Gave away land gained after the American Revolution
Allowed the state to repay those who fought with land grants.
Territory was east of the Oconee River
Amount of Land:
Depending on the individual’s circumstances, they could receive 200 – 1,000 acres of land
Male head of household (21 and up) = 200 acres
+ 50 acres for each family member
+ 50 acres for each slave
Maximum land grant of 1,000 acres
Problem:
Gave away more land than was available

21. Yazoo Land Fraud Description: 1795
The thought of gaining free or cheap land led to political corruption
After being bribed, the General Assembly of Georgia sold millions of acres to 4 land companies for $500,000. This was about 1 ½ cents per acre.
Amount of Land:
35 million acres
Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River
North Carolina to Florida

22. Yazoo Land Fraud Who Received the Land:
The companies intended to sell the land (making huge profits) to either other land speculators or to innocent civilians hoping to move to new land
Problems/Results:
Citizens were furious when they found out about the bribery
Many involved fled the state
Copies of the Yazoo Act were burned on the steps of the capital in Louisville.
Yazoo Land Act was repealed in 1796
Compact of transferred the land and claims to the federal government
In exchange, the federal government gave Ga 1.25 million
This land later became the current states of Mississippi and Alabama
Ga’s western boundary was moved to the Chattahoochee River

23. More results of the Yazoo
Georgia lost land and money:
Ga paid 4 million in damages to cheated buyers
The Yazoo territory was given to the U.S. and became the states of Alabama and Mississippi
Georgia’s western boundary was moved to the Chattahoochee River

24. Land Lottery Description:
(Gold lottery was #7 in 1832 providing 40 acre lots for gold speculation)
Eight land lotteries were held
Amount of Land:
Land won in the lottery varied in size from 40 to 500 acres (much smaller than the 1000 acres in the Headright System)
Lots sizes ranged from 40 – 490 acres
Who Received the Land:
Families consisting of a husband and wife and at least one kid
Every widow with children
Every white male that had lived in Georgia for at least ONE year.
Participant names were entered based on age, marital status, war service, and successful participation in previous lotteries.

25. Lotteries 1805- Creek Land 1807- Creek
1812- War of 1812 helped eliminate the Creeks from Georgia
1820- Creek and Cherokee land
1821- Creek
1832- Cherokee
Second lottery to give away 40 acre gold lots (Dahlonega Gold Rs
1833- Cherokee

27. Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Thomas Jefferson, the nation’s third president, bought Louisiana from France for $15 million.
This doubled the size of the country.