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Cell Cycle Review
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Sister chromatids Centromere 0.5 m Figure 12.4
Figure 12.4 A highly condensed, duplicated human chromosome (SEM).
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Chromosomal DNA molecules
Figure Chromosomal DNA molecules Chromosomes 1 Centromere Chromosome arm Figure 12.5 Chromosome duplication and distribution during cell division.
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Chromosomal DNA molecules
Figure Chromosomal DNA molecules Chromosomes 1 Centromere Chromosome arm Chromosome duplication (including DNA replication) and condensation 2 Sister chromatids Figure 12.5 Chromosome duplication and distribution during cell division.
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Chromosomal DNA molecules
Figure Chromosomal DNA molecules Chromosomes 1 Centromere Chromosome arm Chromosome duplication (including DNA replication) and condensation 2 Sister chromatids Figure 12.5 Chromosome duplication and distribution during cell division. Separation of sister chromatids into two chromosomes 3
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INTERPHASE S (DNA synthesis) G1 Cytokinesis G2 Mitosis
Figure 12.6 INTERPHASE S (DNA synthesis) G1 Cytokinesis G2 Mitosis MITOTIC (M) PHASE Figure 12.6 The cell cycle.
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Chromosome, consisting of two sister chromatids
Figure 12.7 10 m G2 of Interphase Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase and Cytokinesis Centrosomes (with centriole pairs) Chromatin (duplicated) Early mitotic spindle Fragments of nuclear envelope Nonkinetochore microtubules Aster Metaphase plate Cleavage furrow Nucleolus forming Centromere Figure 12.7 Exploring: Mitosis in an Animal Cell Plasma membrane Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Chromosome, consisting of two sister chromatids Kinetochore Kinetochore microtubule Nuclear envelope forming Spindle Centrosome at one spindle pole Daughter chromosomes
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Chromosome, consisting of two sister chromatids
Figure 12.7a G2 of Interphase Prophase Prometaphase Centrosomes (with centriole pairs) Fragments of nuclear envelope Chromatin (duplicated) Early mitotic spindle Aster Nonkinetochore microtubules Centromere Figure 12.7 Exploring: Mitosis in an Animal Cell Plasma membrane Nucleolus Kinetochore Kinetochore microtubule Chromosome, consisting of two sister chromatids Nuclear envelope
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Metaphase Anaphase Telophase and Cytokinesis Metaphase plate
Figure 12.7b Metaphase Anaphase Telophase and Cytokinesis Metaphase plate Cleavage furrow Nucleolus forming Figure 12.7 Exploring: Mitosis in an Animal Cell Nuclear envelope forming Spindle Centrosome at one spindle pole Daughter chromosomes
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Figure 12.7e Figure 12.7 Exploring: Mitosis in an Animal Cell
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Figure 12.7f Figure 12.7 Exploring: Mitosis in an Animal Cell
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Figure 12.7g Figure 12.7 Exploring: Mitosis in an Animal Cell
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Figure 12.7h Figure 12.7 Exploring: Mitosis in an Animal Cell
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Figure 12.7i Figure 12.7 Exploring: Mitosis in an Animal Cell
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Figure 12.7j Figure 12.7 Exploring: Mitosis in an Animal Cell
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Metaphase plate (imaginary) Sister chromatids Microtubules
Figure 12.8 Centrosome Aster Metaphase plate (imaginary) Sister chromatids Microtubules Chromosomes Kineto- chores Centrosome 1 m Overlapping nonkinetochore microtubules Figure 12.8 The mitotic spindle at metaphase. Kinetochore microtubules 0.5 m
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(a) Cleavage of an animal cell (SEM)
Figure 12.10 (a) Cleavage of an animal cell (SEM) (b) Cell plate formation in a plant cell (TEM) 100 m Cleavage furrow Vesicles forming cell plate Wall of parent cell 1 m Cell plate New cell wall Figure Cytokinesis in animal and plant cells. Contractile ring of microfilaments Daughter cells Daughter cells
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G1 checkpoint Control system S G1 G2 M M checkpoint G2 checkpoint
Figure 12.15 G1 checkpoint Control system S G1 G2 M Figure Mechanical analogy for the cell cycle control system. M checkpoint G2 checkpoint
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(a) Cell receives a go-ahead signal.
Figure 12.16 G0 G1 checkpoint G1 G1 Figure The G1 checkpoint. (a) Cell receives a go-ahead signal. (b) Cell does not receive a go-ahead signal.
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(b) Molecular mechanisms that help regulate the cell cycle
Figure 12.17 M G1 S G2 M G1 S G2 M G1 MPF activity Cyclin concentration Time (a) Fluctuation of MPF activity and cyclin concentration during the cell cycle G1 S Cdk Figure Molecular control of the cell cycle at the G2 checkpoint. Cyclin accumulation Degraded cyclin M G2 G2 checkpoint Cdk Cyclin is degraded Cyclin MPF (b) Molecular mechanisms that help regulate the cell cycle
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M G1 S G2 M G1 S G2 M G1 MPF activity Cyclin concentration Time
Figure 12.17a M G1 S G2 M G1 S G2 M G1 MPF activity Cyclin concentration Figure Molecular control of the cell cycle at the G2 checkpoint. Time (a) Fluctuation of MPF activity and cyclin concentration during the cell cycle
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(b) Molecular mechanisms that help regulate the cell cycle
Figure 12.17b G1 S Cdk Cyclin accumulation M G2 Degraded cyclin G2 checkpoint Cdk Figure Molecular control of the cell cycle at the G2 checkpoint. Cyclin is degraded Cyclin MPF (b) Molecular mechanisms that help regulate the cell cycle
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A tumor grows from a single cancer cell.
Figure 12.20 Lymph vessel Tumor Blood vessel Cancer cell Glandular tissue Metastatic tumor 1 A tumor grows from a single cancer cell. 2 Cancer cells invade neighboring tissue. 3 Cancer cells spread through lymph and blood vessels to other parts of the body. 4 Cancer cells may survive and establish a new tumor in another part of the body. Figure The growth and metastasis of a malignant breast tumor.
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Figure 12.21 Figure IMPACT: Advances in Treatment of Breast Cancer
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Telophase and Cytokinesis
Figure 12.UN01 I N T E R P HA S E G1 S Cytokinesis Mitosis G2 MITOTIC (M) PHASE Prophase Figure 12.UN01 Telophase and Cytokinesis Prometaphase Anaphase Metaphase
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Figure 12.UN02 Figure 12.UN02
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Figure 12.UN05 Figure 12.UN05
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