1. Day 3 – How does an author appeal to the audience?
I can identify the use of rhetorical appeals in order to achieve an author’s purpose.

2. Agenda Overview of rhetorical appeals
Connection to the rhetorical triangle
Class Practice identifying the appeals
Reading Jesse Williams’ speech at the BET awards
Complete rhetorical triangle
Analyze the text for rhetorical appeals
View Williams’s speech, analyzing for tone
Connecting to Essential Questions
Homework: Read Thank You for Arguing Chapter 5
Agenda

3. Aristotle’s definition of Rhetoric
Aristotle, the Ancient Greek philosopher, stated that “Rhetoric may be defined as the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion…
“Of the modes of persuasion furnished by the spoken word there are three kinds.
The first kind depends on the personal character of the speaker;
the second on putting the audience into a certain frame of mind ;
the third on the proof, or apparent proof, provided by the words of the speech itself ”
(Rhetoric, Book I, Chapter 2).
Aristotle’s definition of Rhetoric

4. Rhetorical Appeals Review
What are the three rhetorical (persuasive) appeals?
Logos (Logic)
How the author appeals to the audience’s reasoning/logic
Pathos (Emotion)
How the author appeals to the audience’s emotions
Ethos (Character)
How the author establishes credibility, trust, and reputation with the audience
Rhetorical Appeals Review

5. Rhetorical Triangle Expanded
How do the rhetorical appeals connect to the rhetorical triangle?
Rhetorical Triangle Expanded
Ethos
Pathos
Speaker
Logos
Context
Purpose
Audience
Subject

6. Logos – Arguments by Logic
Appeals to the audience’s common sense
Uses a series of claims that lead to reasonable conclusion.
Includes claims based on facts, evidence, and reasoning.
Uses statistics, surveys, polls, testimonials, or narratives.
Can you think of any examples of Ansari’s essay?
“There are approximately 3.3 million Muslim Americans. After the attack in Orlando, The Times reported that the F.B.I. is investigating 1,000 potential “homegrown violent extremists,” a majority of whom are most likely connected in some way to the Islamic State. If everyone on that list is Muslim American, that is 0.03 percent of the Muslim American population. If you round that number, it is 0 percent.”
Logos – Arguments by Logic

7. Pathos - Argument by Emotion
Appeals to the audience’s emotions
Uses passionate, strong language and imagery
Connects to the audience through sympathy
Note: Speakers must be careful not to alienate their audience by making them feel too uncomfortable or even offended.
Can you think of any examples of Ansari’s essay?
“The haunting sound of the second plane hitting the towers is forever ingrained in my head. My building was close enough that it shook upon impact. I was scared for my life as my fellow students and I trekked the panicked streets of Manhattan. My family, unable to reach me on my cellphone, was terrified about my safety as they watched the towers collapse. There was absolutely no cheering. Only sadness, horror and fear.”
Pathos - Argument by Emotion

8. Ethos – Arguments by Character
Establishing credibility with the audience
Through trustworthiness, authority, reputation, objectivity, ethical motives, likeability, and honesty.
Can you think of any examples from Ansari’s essay?
“I understand that as far as these problems go, I have it better than most because of my recognizability as an actor. When someone on the street gives me a strange look, it’s usually because they want to take a selfie with me, not that they think I’m a terrorist.”
Ethos – Arguments by Character

9. Let’s Practice https://youtu.be/2loKRwZoH1w
Watch the video and determine the author’s use of rhetorical appeals (ethos, pathos, logos).
Let’s Practice
Additional videos to practice with
6:45 – 9:32

10. Appeal Think about the word “appeal.” What is “appealing”?
What does it mean to appeal to another person?
The speaker, when constructing an argument, must consider their audience – what they believe, what they want, what they need, what they like, what they wish, what they perceive– and appeal to them with logic, emotion, and character.
Appeal

11. Read the transcript version of Jesse Williams’ speech at the BET awards, published by The Washington Post.
As you read, annotate for the parts of the rhetorical situation, paying close attention to Williams’s purpose.
Complete a Rhetorical Triangle for Jesse Williams speech
Analyze Williams’s use of appeals.
Practice

12. Tone is a speaker’s attitude towards his/her subject.
As you view Jesse William’s speech at the BET awards, listen closely for his tone.
Identify and discuss Williams’s tone
Tone is a speaker’s attitude towards his/her subject.

13. Essential Questions: Answer the following questions:
How does Jesse Williams’s identity influence his understanding of the Black Lives Matter movement and racial discrimination in America?
How might the audience’s identity influence his message and tone?
Essential Questions:

14. Homework: Read Thank You for Arguing, Chapter 5: Get Them to Like You
Read Everything is an Argument Chapter 3: Argument Based on Character: Ethos
Homework: