1. Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
Madeleine M. Leininger
Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
Angela Ditmar, Tara Holden, Angela McColl, Julie Saladin

2. Introduction
The purpose of this presentation is to define Madeline Leininger’s theory of transcultural care, define how her theory can be used for evidence based practice, define the four metaparadigm concepts according to Leininger’s theory, and describe how Leininger’s theory can improve the health care environment locally, regionally, and globally.

3. This equals PATIENT CENTERED CARE
Leininger and Evidence Based Practice
3 prongs of EBP
Figure 1 Model of cultural competency and EBP. Data from Cross, Bazron, Dennis and Isaacs (1989).
This equals PATIENT CENTERED CARE

4. Leininger’s definition of the nursing metaparadigm.
The foundation of nursing, or metaparadigm, is based on four basic concepts which include: person, environment, health and nursing. (Black, 2014).
Leininger’s definition:
“A state of well-being that is culturally constituted, defined, valued, and practiced by individuals or groups that enables them to function in their daily life” (Leininger, 1991, pp ).
Health
“The totality of an event, situation and life experiences that give meaning and order to guide human expressions and decisions within a particular setting, situation, or geographic area”(Leininger, 1991, pp ).
Environment

5. Leininger’s definition of the nursing paradigm cont.
“Care is the essence of nursing and the distinct, unifying and essential phenomenon of nursing” (Leininger, 1998).
Leininger believed that nursing involves assisting patients in a way that fosters cultural values and beliefs.
Nursing
Treating the person or the “human” should mean considering more than just the individual, but looking at the groups of people surrounding that person. (Leininger, 1998).
Human

6. Transcultural Theory Impact
We live in a time that is rich in diversity. Globalization has become a fact of life.
Migration
Technology

7. References
Cross T., Bazron, B., Dennis, K., & Isaacs, M. (1989). Towards a culturally competent system of care,
volume I. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Child Development Center, CASSP
Assistance Center
Engebretson, J., Mahoney, J., Carlson, E.D., (2008). Cultural Competence in the Era of
Evidence-Based Practice. Journal of Professional Nursing. Volume 24 (Issue 3).
Retrieved from
Leininger, M.M. (1988). Leininger’s theory of nursing: Cultural care diversity and universality. Nursing
Science Quarterly, 1, doi: /
Leininger, M.M. (1991). Culture care diversity and universality: A theory of nursing. (pp ). New
York, NY: National League for Nursing Press.
Leininger, M.M. (1996). Culture theory, research, and practice. Nursing Science Quarterly, 9, doi: /

8. Photograph of Madeleine M. Leininger. (n. d. )
Photograph of Madeleine M. Leininger. (n.d.). Retrieved from