1. The Muscular System
PART A-C 37 slides
2 hours & 15 min

2. Ch 6-A Ch 6-B THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM--
I. OVERVIEW II. MUSCLE ANATOMY III. MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY Types Muscles Gross Overview Tissue Review Microscopic Contraction Details Functions Nervous System Whole Muscle Cell Characteristics Energy for Contract. Muscle Tone Types of Contraction Effect of Exercise IV. BODY MOVEMENTS V. SPECIFIC MUSCLES VI. INJECTION Rules Head & Neck SITES Muscle Movements Trunk & Arm Lower Limb
Ch 6-B

3. I. Overview of Muscle Tissues
The Muscular System
I. Overview of Muscle Tissues
A. Myo, mys, & sarco  muscle
B. *Fiber =
C. *3 Types
D. *Review

4. E. *Skeletal Muscle Functions1. 2. 3. 4.

5. F. Skeletal Muscle Cell Characteristics
Excitability:
Contractility:
Extensibility:
Elasticity: recoil

6. II. Skeletal Muscle Anatomy A. Gross Anatomy
1. Connective Tissue Cells & muscles are surrounded and bundled by
2. Attachments to Bones:
*Tendons
*Aponeuroses

7. B. Microscopic Anatomy 1. *Fibers = Segment of a Fiber 2. *Sarcolemma:
3. *Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
4. Myofibrils:
a. Striations
b. Proteins = Myosin & Actin:
Segment of a Fiber
ACTIN
MYOSIN
Segment of a Myofibril

8. C. Nervous System Basics
1. Neuron parts
a. *Cell Body
b. Dendrites
c. Axon
Axon Terminals
Neurotransmitters - Acetylcholine
Axon Terminals
Cell body
Motor Neurons: send messages to muscles
Axon
Dendrites

9. 2. Nerve Message = Action Potentials 3
2. Nerve Message = Action Potentials 3. Transferring message to next cell: - Synaptic Cleft
Axon of Motor Neuron
Terminal
Muscle Fiber
Neuromuscular Junction
Neurotransmitters

10. III. Muscle Physiology– Contraction
A. Overview– Sliding Filament Theory
Motor Neuron sends Action Potential
Calcium enters Myofibrils
Myosin and Actin slide shortening Myofibrils
Fibers shorten  muscle shortens = contraction Ca Ca Ca
Piece of Myofibril Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca

11. B. Fiber Contraction Steps: Microscopic Details
1. Motor Neuron  Action Potential
- to:
2. Acetylcholine is released and:
3. Acetylcholine attaches to:

12. 5. Calcium enters myofibrils
4. 2nd Action Potential triggered in each Fiber & spreads out to all parts of fibers
5. Calcium enters myofibrils
Neurotransmitters Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca
Figure 6.6

13. 6. Actin and Myosin slide towards eachother
7. Myofibrils: Segments shorten  myofibrils shorten
8. Fibers of Motor Unit shorten
9. Muscle contracts via shortening

14. C. Contraction of a Skeletal Muscle as a Whole
a. Motor Unit:
A muscle has many different motor units
b. Size and Location of Muscle:
Small
Large
c. Force of contraction: number of motor units activated in a muscle
More = stronger contract.

15. D. Energy for Muscle Contraction = ATP
1. Quick Stored Energy: ATP & Creatine Phosphate
2. AEROBIC RESPIRATION
Organelle:
Gas Required:
Exhale:
Speed:
Fat can be used
Efficiency: 36 ATP per 1 Glucose
FAT
Glucose + O2  CO2 & H2O & ATP

16. Energy for Muscle Contraction … 3. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
= Anaerobic glycolysis
O2 not used
Speed:
Efficiency: 2 ATP per glucose
Problem: Lactic acid
Oxygen Debt
Cardiac Muscle cannot do
Figure 6.10c

17. E. Muscle Tone =
Different fibers at different times
involuntary control

18. F. Types of Muscle Contractions--Students Do
1. Isotonic vs. Isometric
*Isotonic
*Isometric
Iso = same
Tone = contraction
Metric = length
Isotonic
Isometric

19. F. Effect of Exercise on Muscles
TYPES:
*Aerobic
Heart
Muscle
endurance and
flexibility
*Resistance
Size
Strength