1. Dr. Afxendiou Global History and Geography 9 Sachem North High School
Geography –The Beginning and the Themes: A Framework for Studying the World
Dr. Afxendiou
Global History and Geography 9
Sachem North High School

2. In the beginning...
The universe was created billions and billions of years ago during the biggest explosion there ever was. Scientists call it the Big Bang.

3. Then…
5 billion years ago the earth was born…

4. Before the dinosaurs the Earth's continents were all connected into one huge landmass called Pangaea . This huge supercontinent was surrounded by one gigantic ocean called Panthalassa.

5. Then the landmass started to split apart…
…and the continents were formed

6. And believe it or not, it is still moving today…

7. So…
WHY DO HISTORIANS NEED TO PAY ATTENTION TO GEOGRAPHY? HOW DO WE USE GEOGRAPHY AS HISTORIANS?

8. Mix up the initials to get
MR LIP
LOCATION
PLACE
HUMAN ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION
MOVEMENT
REGION
Mix up the initials to get
MR LIP

9. Theme 1: Location Two Types of Location Where is It? Absolute
Relative
Where is It?
Why is It There?

10. Absolute Location A specific place on the Earth’s surface
Uses a grid system
Latitude and longitude
An address

11. Sachem North High School
Absolute Location
40° N Latitude
73° W longitude or
212 Smith Road
Lake Ronkonkoma, NY 11779

12. What are the coordinates of the red dot?What continent is the dot on?
Northern Hemisphere
Western Hemisphere
Eastern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
What are the coordinates of the red dot?What continent is the dot on?

13. Relative Location Where a place is in relation to another place
Uses directional words to describe:
“near” “next to”
“behind”
“north of”

14. Sachem North High School
Relative Location
‘Behind’ Samoset
‘Near’ Five Corners
‘North of” the expressway

15. Theme 2: Place Physical Characteristics
Land Features
Mountains, plains, and plateaus
Climate
Bodies of Water

16. Long Island: Physical Characteristics

17. Theme 2: Place Human Characteristics
People
Culture
Language
Religion
Buildings and Landmarks
Cities

18. Long Island: Human Characteristics

19. Theme 3: Human Environment Interaction
How People Interact With Their Environment
People . . .
Adapt to Their Environment
Modify Their Environment
Depend on Their Environment

20. Long Island: Human Environment Interaction

21. Study the picture and answer the following:
What do I see?
How does the environment affect these people?

22. Theme 4: Movement The Mobility of People Goods Ideas
How Places are linked to one another and the world

23. Theme 5: Regions What Places Have in Common
A region is a basic unit for geographic study.
Made up by social scientists to study characteristics they are interested in
Places that share certain characteristics are seen as forming this unit
Ex. New England
Ex. The Middle East