1. Lesson 1 - THE RISE OF ROME Lesson 2 - From Republic to empire
THE ROMANS
Lesson 1 - THE RISE OF ROME
Lesson 2 - From Republic to empire
Lesson 3 - The early
roman empire

2. Roman Empire The early emperors took more and more
Emperors of the Early Empire
The early emperors took more and more
power during their reigns
Many became corrupt as well
Example: Nero had many people killed
including his own mother
Marcus Aurelia ( ) was the last of the adoptive sons “five good emperors” he had thirteen children and his reign was passed onto Commodus who was completely unfit to rule. Convinced himself that he was the reincarnation of Hercules and took the title Pacator Orbis (Pacifier of the World)
Commodus raised the ire of many military officials in Rome for his Hercules persona in the arena. Often, wounded soldiers and amputees would be placed in the arena for Commodus to slay with a sword. Citizens of Rome missing their feet through accident or illness were taken to the arena, where they were tethered together for Commodus to club to death while pretending they were giants.
He ruled for 12 years and went completely mad.
A senator strangled him in his bath. Enlightened gave way to dynastic chance
Nero dressed up as a regular roman and would wander the streets at night mugging random people sometimes killing them
Caligula – little soldiers boot real name: Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus (37-41)
Claudius (41-54) uncle to Caligula

3. Roman Empire PAX ROMANA Emperors of the Early Empire
(Roman peace and prosperity during the 2nd - 3rd centuries CE)
During this time there were several good emperors who:
maintained peace
were known for tolerance
increased public works: bridges, roads, aqueducts
expanded into new lands
large scale building programs - aided by the use of concrete which added stability
created unity by respecting local customs in the provinces
trade increased - even to China for luxury items like silk

4. Roman Empire
However, while many things were good, there was still a large gap between the wealthy/poor The latifundia were large commercial farms that used slave labor These farms made it difficult for small farmers to make a living Many had to move to the cities but they had no training for any type of jobs
You do not make enough to pay your tax you have to sell or the farm would be taken

5. Roman Empire Roman Arts and Science Statues: Greek style: ideal
New features of Roman Architecture: aided by: concrete
arches vaulted ceilings domes huge buildings
Aqueducts public baths
Statues: Greek style: ideal
Roman style: realistic

6. Roman Empire
Mathematics: Roman Numerals: I, V, X, L, C, D, M (borrowed from the Etruscans)
Science:
Pliny the Elder: compiled works of Greeks into Encyclopedia
Galen of Pergamum: greatest physician and medical writer Dissected animals

7. Roman Empire
Literature: Virgil: great poet, who wrote a poem in honor of Rome called the Aeneid. It portrayed the ideal Roman values of duty, piety, and faithfulness Livy: wrote "The Early History of Rome"

8. Roman Empire
Life in the Roman World The family was the most important part of the social structure The family was headed by the paterfamilias, or dominant male in the household The household included the husband, wife, children, unmarried daughters and slaves
Family would tell the history of Rome
Father controlled life or death of anyone in the family

9. Roman Empire Children: raised at home
2. both upper class boys and girls learned to read (often
taught by Greek slaves)
3. age 16 for boys>>>man purple trimmed toga >>> white
4. minimum age to marry: 12 for girls / 14 for boys most did
marry later

10. Roman Empire Women: could own property
segregated from men: not at home, they were in public
3. could not participate in politics

11. Roman Empire
Slavery / Slave Revolts
Romans depended more on slavery than did any other ancient society*
they won many wars and took many slaves
used Greek slaves as tutors in academics and music, doctors and artists
Slavery has been recognized as a reason innovations slow down or stop
Cheaper to have slave or replace slave
Beginning innovations that lead to much better or other innovations are not pursued
Necessity is the mother of invention but with slaves there was no necessity
*Could this fact alone tell us why the Roman Empire did not Industrialize
How much did slavery hinder innovations

12. Roman Empire Slavery / Slave Revolts 5. built roads, public buildings
others: household workers, cooks, cleaners,
workers in shops
5. built roads, public buildings
6. most were treated horribly and many revolted
Ex: Spartacus: 73BCE gladiator led a revolt that
involved 70,000 slaves after capture, 6,000 slaves were crucified
Every 10 feet a crucified slave total 6,000

13. Roman Empire Living Conditions in Rome
population close to 1,000,000 by Augustus' reign
many great buildings
over-crowded and noisy
dangerous at night
had a police force but it couldn't prevent much of the crime
6. huge gap between wealthy and poor
7. Bread and Circuses:
entertainment at the Colosseum and at the Circus
Maximus free food for the poor and unemployed

14. Roman Empire Roman Religion
Believed that success in the empire meant creating favor with gods and goddesses
tolerant of other religions
Augustus brought back festivals and ceremonies to revive the Roman state religion, which had declined during the Republic
Roman gods/goddesses: Juno, Jupiter, Mars
Emperors were often officially made to be gods as well
Juno – Hera
Jupiter – Zeus
Mars – Ares
Neptune - Poseidon