1. Black Hole Jets Acceleration of jets Collimation of jets
Superluminal motion
Evolution of jets

2. A black hole is observed at a luminosity of 60,000 solar luminosities
A black hole is observed at a luminosity of 60,000 solar luminosities. The black hole mass must be
at least 2 solar masses
less than 2 solar masses
exactly 2 solar masses
impossible to determine

3. Jets
| -- Size of our Galaxy -- |

4. Jets

5. Acceleration of a jet

6. Collimation of a jet

7. Origin of jets is an unsolved problem
The production and propagation of jets is a major topic in current research. See, for example:

8. About how large is the radius of a 1 million solar mass black hole such as those which may exist at the centers of many galaxies?
a few km
a few thousand km
a few million km
a few billion km

9. Rotating black holes For non-rotating black holes:
- event horizon is at the Schwarzschild radius
- inner edge of the disk is at 3 Schwarzschild radii
For maximally rotating black holes:
- event horizon is at ½ Schwarzschild radius
- inner edge of the disk is at ½ Schwarzschild radius
Schwarzschild radius = 3 km (M/MSun)

10. Superluminal motion

11. What is the lifetime of this jet?
| | = 150,000 light years

12. Evolution of Jets
Jets from active galaxies are large and change slowly.
Jets from solar-mass black holes are smaller, by the ratio of the black hole masses, and change more rapidly.
It is possible to study the evolution of jets from solar-mass black hole.
Show movie and then animation.

13. Review Questions How are jets accelerated? How are jets collimated?
Do superluminal jets really move faster than the speed of light?
Do the jets of stellar-mass black holes evolve faster or slower than the jets of supermassive black holes?