1. Launching the New Republic
“We are in a wilderness, without a footstep to guide us”
James Madison

2. Classical view of a model republic Enlightenment Thinking
Govt. gets its authority from the citizens.
A selfless, educated citizenry.
Elections should be frequent.
Govt. should guarantee individual rights & freedoms.
Govt.’s power should be limited [checks & balances].
The need for a written Constitution.
“E Pluribus Unum.” [“Out of many, one”]
An important role for women  raise good, virtuous citizens. [“Republican Womanhood”].
Classical view of a model republic
Enlightenment Thinking
The “Virtuous Republic”
Ideal citizen [Cincinnatus]
“City on a hill” [John Winthrop]

3. Hamilton, Madison, and Jay (=Publius) publish The Federalist Papers
Federalists
Hamilton, Madison, and Jay (=Publius) publish The Federalist Papers
Thought a stronger, more centralized gov’t was needed
Abandoned the ideas of the Art. of Confederation
Feared chaos and the
power of the people

4. Jefferson led school of thought Feared concentrated power
Anti-Federalists
Jefferson led school of thought
Feared concentrated power
Trusted the will of the people
Thought Constitution was too removed from the people
Demanded a bill of rights

5. Washington takes the oath of office

6. Washington’s Presidency
First Congress, 1789
First Inauguration , 1789
Organizing Federal Government
Executive Depts.
Federal Courts

7. Forming the First Cabinet
Hamilton
Sec. of Treasury
Knox
Sec. of War
Randolph
Attorney General
Jefferson
Sec. of State
Tried to balance regions and viewpoints
Rift develops between Hamilton and Jefferson

8. Hamilton Financial Program A 3 step plan Opponents Debt
Tariffs and Excise taxes
National Bank

9. Foreign Affairs French Revolution Neutrality (1793) “Citizen” Genet
Jay’s Treaty (1794)
Pinckney Treaty (1795)

10. Pinckney’s Treaty

11. Whiskey Rebellion Flag

12. Domestic Concerns
Native Americans
Whiskey Rebellion
Western Lands

13. Political parties Framers First indications (1787, 1788) Origins
Differences
Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
Policies and views

14. 1792 Election Results (16 states in the Union)
George Washington
Virginia
Federalist
132
97.8%
John Adams
Massachusetts 77
57.0%
George Clinton
New York
Democratic-Republican 50
37.0%
Thomas Jefferson 4
3.0%
Aaron Burr 1
0.7%
Electoral Votes Not Cast
---
----- 6
4.4%
Total Number of Electors
132
Total Electoral Votes Cast
264
Number of Votes for a Majority 67

15. 1792 Election Results

16. Washington’s Farewell
Farewell Address
Washington's Warnings
Foreign affairs
Alliances
Political parties
Sectionalism

17. 1796 Election Results (16 states in the Union)
John Adams
Massachusetts
Federalist 71
51.4%
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia
Democratic-Republican 68
49.3%
Thomas Pinckney
South Carolina 59
42.8%
Aaron Burr
New York 30
21.7%
Samuel Adams 15
10.9%
Oliver Ellsworth
Connecticut 11
8.0%
George Clinton 7
5.1%
Other -
Total Number of Electors
138
Total Electoral Votes Cast
276
Number of Votes for a Majority 70

18. 1796 Election Results
Adams
Jefferson

19. John Adams Activities in the states 1796 election XYZ Affair
Alien and Sedition Acts
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

20. Alien and Sedition Acts
Federalists attempt to quiet Republican Opposition
Alien Act
Harder for foreigners (tended to be Rep.) to become citizens
Sedition Act
Punished anti-gov’t activities (writings and otherwise)

21. Jefferson elected after 36 counts Rep. Control exec. and leg. Branches
The “Revolution” of 1800
Rematch from 1796
Bitter campaigns
Jefferson elected after 36 counts
Rep. Control exec. and leg. Branches
Fed. Control the judiciary
Adams appoints “midnight” judges

22. 1800 Election Results (16 states in the Union)
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia
Democratic-Republican 73
52.9%
Aaron Burr
New York
John Adams
Massachusetts
Federalist 65
47.1%
Charles Pinckney
South Carolina 64
46.4%
John Jay 1
0.7%
Total Number of Electors
138
Total Electoral Votes Cast
276
Number of Votes for a Majority 70

23. 1800 Election Results
Adams
Jefferson

24. 1800 Election Results (Into the House of Representatives!!)
 1 vote for each State 
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia
Democratic-Republican 10
62.5%
Aaron Burr
New York 4
25.0%
Blank 2
12.5%

25. Jefferson's Presidency
A Republican period
Political compromise
First steps
Comparisons

26. Louisiana Purchase US interest Negotiations Constitutional predicament
Consequences

27. John Marshall and the Supreme Court
Marbury vs. Madison (1803)
Judicial Impeachment

28. Jefferson’s Re-election
Federalist conspiracy
Difficulties
Barbary pirates (1801 – 1805)
Neutrality challenges
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807)
Embargo Act (1807)

29. James Madison Election of 1808 Commercial Warfare
Nonintercourse Act of 1809
Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810)
Napoleon’s Deception

30. War of 1812 Causes of War Free Seas Frontier War hawks Declaration
A Divided Nation
Election of 1812
opposition to war
Military Defeats and Victories
Canada
Naval Battles
Chesapeake Campaign
Southern Campaign
Treaty of Ghent 1814

31. War legacy
Hartford Convention
Impact of the war

32. Era of Good Feelings Nationalism James Monroe Cultural Nationalism
Economic Nationalism
Panic of 1819
Political Changes

33. Monroe Foreign Affairs Canada Treaty of 1818 Florida
Adams-Onis treaty of 1819
Monroe Doctrine

34. The Monroe Doctrine, 1823
Referred to as America’s Self-Defense Doctrine.
What warning is given to the European countries?
What foreign policy principles are established?
Monroe Doctrine
What would the US do if the warning was not headed?

35. Monroe Doctrine
- Restoration of European monarchies after Napoleon’s
fall worried American in Western hemisphere
Russia’s presence in Alaska worries British and
Americans - should they work together?
Secretary of State John Adams brilliantly engineers Monroe Doctrine
President James Monroe delivers the Monroe Doctrine - the ultimate nationalistic command - “STAY Out OF OUR BACKYARD”

36. JOHN MARSHALL’S SUPREME COURT

37. Fletcher v. Peck 1810 - In a case involving land fraud in Ga
Fletcher v. Peck In a case involving land fraud in Ga., Marshall concluded that a state could not pass legislation invalidating a contract. This is the first the Supreme Court declared a state law to be unconstitutional and invalid. (Remember in Marbury v Madison it was a federal law that had been ruled unconstitutional. Martin v. Hunter’s Lease SC est. the principle that it had jurisdiction over state courts in cases involving constitutional rights Dartmouth College v. Woodward This case involved a law of New Hampshire that changed Dartmouth College from a privately chartered college into a public institution. The Marshall Court struck down the state law as unconstitutional, arguing that a contract for a private corporation could no be altered by the same. McCulloch v Maryland Did Congress have the power to create a bank even if no clause in the Constitution mentioned a bank? Could a state place a tax on a federally owned bank? Md. Tried to collect from the 2nd Bank of the US. Marshall ruled that the federal gov’t had the implied power to create the bank. Furthermore, a state could not tax a federal institution because, “the power to tax is the power to destroy” and that federal laws are supreme over state laws Cohens v Virginia In Va, the Cohens were convicted of selling Washington DC lottery tickets authorized by Congress. Marshall and the Court upheld the conviction. More important, this case established the principle that the Supreme Court could review a state court’s decision involving any of the powers of the federal gov’t Gibbons v Ogden Could the state of NY grant a monopoly to a steamboat company if that action conflicted with a charter authorized by Congress? In ruling that the NY monopoly was unconstitutional, Marshall est. the federal gov’t’s broad control of interstate commerce.