1. Analyzing Context Clues
A Strategy for Reading Comprehension and Building Your Vocabulary

2. What is a context clue?
A context clue is a clue or a hint you can get about the meaning of an unfamiliar word from the words or text around it.
Context clues come in various forms. You should learn to recognize various context clues as a strategy to figure out unknown words. The following slides introduce several different kinds of context clues you can use.

3. Some common Types of context clues
Definition
Synonym
Antonym
Example
Inference
Cause and Effect

4. Context Clue- Definition
A definition of the word is embedded in the text
From the end of the Civil War in 1865 to the early 1950’s, many public schools in both the North and the South were segregated, that is separated or restricted according to race.
Segregated means separated or restricted according to race.
Pay attention to the words that are defined or restated by context clues.

5. Definition
Sometimes the unknown word is defined for you in the sentence. Look for these signal words: is are has is that means that is defined as

6. Context Clue-Synonym Slender means thin.
Other words are used in the sentence with similar meanings
The slender lady was so thin her jeans were too big on her.
Slender means thin.
Pay attention to the words that are restated by context clues.

7. Synonym
Sometimes the author will explain an unusual word further. There may be a word or phrase set apart between commas, following the unknown word. Also, look for these signal words or phrases:
Likewise
Especially Or
In that
Similarly
In other words
That is

8. Context Clue- Antonym
Other words are used in the sentence with opposite meanings.
Often signaled by the words whereas, unlike, or as opposed to.
Unlike Jasmine’s room, which was immaculate, Jessica’s room was very messy.
Immaculate means the opposite of messy, or neat and clean.

9. antonym Look for these signal words for this type of context clue:
Some…but others
On the other hand
Not
Despite
Although
Yet
But
By contrast
Then again
And then

10. Pay attention to the examples given.
Context Clue- Example
The text gives examples that indicate the words meaning.
Pay attention to the examples given.
Legitimate forms of protest include signing petitions, writing letters to the editor, and holding peaceful demonstrations.
Legitimate means acceptable or legal.

11. Example
This type of context clues does not usually have many signal words, except you might see the words “for example” and “For instance.” Many times the author will just list examples or give an example next to the word in question. The example will give you an idea of what the word means.

12. Context Clue - inference
Word meanings are not directly described, but need to be inferred from the context.
Pay attention to the meaning of the entire sentence. What makes sense?
The man gigged the large frog, but he needed his friend to help him get it off of the spikes of the gig pole.
Gigged means spared with a multi-prong pole with barbs

13. Cause and effect
A special inference clue is the cause and effect. The unknown word may be in the cause, and from the described effect, you may be able to figure it out. Similarly, the word may be in the effect, and you can figure it out because you know the cause.
Signal words can be :
Such as Once
For example One time
For instance In one case

14. Practice- Identify which type of context clue
Figure out the meanings of the bold words by the context clues in the sentences. What kind of clues are they?
Whereas Melody is quite lithe, her brother is clumsy and awkward.
Tim was known to be a cad, treating others without respect or kindness.
Grace shared many traits with her sister, including attributes like honesty and humor.
The arbitrator, a neutral person asked to settle the dispute, arrived at his decision.
Will’s pugnacious conduct made his challenger back down.

15. Practice- Answers
Whereas Melody is quite lithe, her brother is clumsy and awkward. Antonym (lithe means agile, not clumsy)
Tim was known to be a cad, treating others without respect or kindness. Example (a cad is unkind and disrespectful)
Grace shared many traits with her sister, including attributes like honesty and humor. Synonym (traits are attributes)
The arbitrator, a neutral person asked to settle the dispute, arrived at his decision. Definition (arbitrator is a neutral person asked to settle disputes)
Will’s pugnacious conduct made his challenger back down. Inference (infer that since challenger backed down, Will’s conduct must have been aggressive)