1. You Can’t Have One Without The Other
Human Body Systems
You Can’t Have One Without The Other

2. Body Systems Work Together
If you damage one system, you may damage several…for example, smoking irritates the lungs and destroys the cells of the immune system
Ardi Rizal
2 years old
Musi Banyuasin, Indonesia
May 2010

3. If you get excited, scared, anxious, the nervous system works with the circulatory system by increasing your heart rate.

5. AIDS destroys the Immune System
As a result you may get:
pneumonia (respiratory ),
yeast infection (reproductive ),
Candida affecting esophagus (digestive)
Kaposi’s sarcoma (integumentary).

6. The Human Body Team
How does the body get the systems to work together?
To answer this question, we need to recall the organizational structure of multicellular organisms.

7. Levels Of Organization
CELLS
ATOMS
TISSUES
ORGAN SYSTEM
ORGANS
ORGANISM

8. Cells 100 Trillion cells in human body 210 different types of cells
How many can you list?

9. The Human Body has 4 Main Types of Tissues

10. ORGAN
A group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions.

11. Organ System . A group of organs that work together
to perform a single function .

12. There are 11 organ systems in the human body
1. Integumentary System
2. Skeletal System
3. Muscular System
4. Nervous System
5. Endocrine System
6. Cardiovascular System
7. Lymphatic & Immune System
8. Respiratory System
9. Digestive System
10. Urinary System
11. Reproductive System

13. Skeletal System Your skeleton has five major functions.
It provides shape and
support
Enables you to move
Protects your internal organs
Produces blood cells
Stores certain materials until your body needs them

14. Major Organs of the Skeletal System
Bones
Tendons connect bones to muscles.
Ligaments connect bone to bone.
Cartilage cushions places where bones connect and offers flexibility.

15. Muscular System
Your muscles control all movements of the body tissues, organs and bones.

16. Major Tissues of the Muscular System
Your body has
three types of
Muscle tissue.
skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle

17. Circulatory System aka Cardiovascular System
The main functions is to transport
Oxygen
Nutrients
Waste
throughout the body

18. The main parts of the Circulatory System are:
Heart
Blood Vessels
Aorta
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
veins
Blood

19. Respiratory System
Your respiratory system moves oxygen from the outside environment into your body. It also removes carbon dioxide and water from your body.

20. Respiratory system are:
The Main Parts of the
Respiratory system are:
Nose
Mouth
Pharynx
larynx
Trachea
Lungs
Bronchi
Bronchioles
alveoli
Diaphragm

21. The Digestive System The main functions of the digestive system
Breaks down food into molecules the body can absorb.
Passes these molecules into the blood to be carried throughout the body.
Eliminates solid wastes from the body.

22. The Main Parts of the Digestive System are:

23. The Excretory System
Your excretory system collects wastes produced by cells and removes these wastes from your body. The removal process is known as excretion.
Each kidney is about 4 ½ inches long
Weight is 4 – 6 ounces
The urine output varies from 1 to 2 liters per day.

24. The Main Parts of the Excretory System

25. Integumentary System (it’s your skin)
Your Skin has many important functions:
Covers body and prevents water loss.
Protects body from injury and infection.
Helps regulate body temperature.
Eliminate wastes
Gathers information about the environment
Produce vitamin D

26. Major Parts of the Integumentary System
Skin
Hair
Nails

27. Immune System It’s role is to protect you from foreign invaders.
Special cells react to each kind of pathogen with defensive tactics targeted
specifically at that type of
pathogen.
A pathogen is a
bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.

28. Specialized Immune System Cells
White blood cells that target specific
pathogens are called lymphocytes.
T-cells and B-cells are two major types of
lymphocytes. Each type has a specific job.
B- Cells
T- Cells

29. Lymphatic System
The lymphatic system is an extensive drainage network that helps keep bodily fluid levels in balance and defends the body against infections.
It filters out organisms that cause disease, produces certain white blood cells and generates antibodies

30. Major Parts of the Lymphatic System
It is made up of a network of lymphatic vessels that carry lymph — a clear, watery fluid that contains protein molecules, salts, glucose, urea, and other substances — throughout the body.
It works closely with the immune system and the circulatory system.
The Spleen stores many of the white blood cells needed for the immune response.

31. Reproductive System Main Function
Make gametes(egg and sperm) and hormones
Fertilization of the egg with sperm
Differ structures in male to female with different functions.

32. Prostate and other glands
Main Parts:
Male
Female
Testes
Scrotum
Sperm ducts
Urethra
Prostate and other glands
penis
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
Fimbriae
Uterus (womb)
Cervix
vagina

33. Endocrine System
The endocrine system is a collection of ductless glands that secrete special proteins called hormones.
The glands release the hormones into the bloodstream and they travel to the target cells or organs.

34. Endocrine System
The main function of the endocrine system is to maintain a stable environment within the body or homeostasis.
The hormones also help the body to regulate:
Growth
Sexual development
Metabolism
Sugar, salt and fluid
levels in the blood

35. Glands and Hormones Gland Hormone Produced Effects Hypothalamus
Antidiuretic hormone
Acts on the kidney to regulate fluid balance
Pituitary
9 different hormones
Growth and regulates other glands
Thyroid
Thyroxine
Metabolism
Pancreas
Insulin & glucagon
Blood sugar
Adrenal
Epinephrine
Heart rate & blood pressure
Testes
Testosterone
Sperm & male characteristics
Ovaries
Estrogen & progesterone
Eggs & female characteristics

36. Endocrine System
The endocrine system is a collection of ductless glands that secrete special proteins called hormones.
The glands release the hormones into the bloodstream and they travel to the target cells or organs.

37. Endocrine System
The main function of the endocrine system is to maintain a stable environment within the body or homeostasis.
The hormones also help the body to regulate:
Growth
Sexual development
Metabolism
Sugar, salt and fluid
levels in the blood

38. Glands and Hormones Gland Hormone Produced Effects Hypothalamus
Antidiuretic hormone
Acts on the kidney to regulate fluid balance
Pituitary
9 different hormones
Growth and regulates other glands
Thyroid
Thyroxine
Metabolism
Pancreas
Insulin & glucagon
Blood sugar
Adrenal
Epinephrine
Heart rate & blood pressure
Testes
Testosterone
Sperm & male characteristics
Ovaries
Estrogen & progesterone
Eggs & female characteristics

39. Homeostasis of body systems

40. Feedback Mechanisms
Homeostasis is maintained by the endocrine system through the use of various feedback mechanisms.
A feedback mechanism is in use when the biological reaction is actually being controlled by the end products of that reaction.
Negative feedback loop are most common.
original stimulus reversed
most feedback systems in the body are negative
used for conditions that need frequent adjustment

41. Parts of a Negative Feedback Loop
Receptor
Structures that monitor a
controlled condition and detect changes
Control center
determines next action
Effector
receives directions from the
control center produces a
response that restores the
controlled condition

42. Receptors detect stimulus Effectors Muscles or glands Produce response•
detect stimulus
Effectors
Muscles or glands
Produce response
Homeostasis
Response
Feedback
Restores
homeostasis
Disruption
produces
stimulus
Control center
Brain or spinal
cord
Receives
information
from
receptors
Sends
messages to
effectors

43. Home Heating System Furnace Turns On Furnace Turns Off
Thermostat detects a temperature lower than the desired value.
Furnace Turns On
Furnace Turns Off
Thermostat detects a temperature higher than the desired value.

44. Body Temperature Impulses Impulses sent to muscles to stop shivering
Brain senses a drop in body temperature
Impulses
sent to muscles to begin shivering
Impulses sent to muscles to stop shivering
Brain detects increase in body temperature

45. Types of Feedback NEGATIVE POSITIVE Restores homeostasis
Response opposite of stimulus
Brings levels back to normal
Continues to disrupt homeostasis
Response reinforces stimulus
Example – uterine contractions during childbirth
Rare

46. Negative feedback loop

47. Positive feedback loop