1. Kalle Lyytinen James Gaskin
Controls
Kalle Lyytinen
James Gaskin

2. Controls
Those other things that might affect the DV, but that we aren’t specifically interested in. These are control variables
Potential confounding variables
A control variable is a variable that effects the dependent variable. When we "control a variable" we wish to balance its effect across subjects and groups so that we can ignore it, and just study the relationship between the independent and the dependent variables.
Treat controls like IVs.
Have them regress on endogenous variables that they might affect.
In AMOS, have them co-vary with other non-endogenous variables

3. Controls TV Time Obesity Controls Prior obesity Region Season
Pop density
Race
Socioeconomics
Other fam vars
*From Dietz and Gortmaker 1985

4. Controls School Performance TV Time Controls IQ Pleasure reading
Hours doing HW
Parental reading
*From Dietz and Gortmaker 1985

5. Controls - recommendations
Justify inclusion of each control
Exclude impotent controls
Don’t include the kitchen sink…
Explain measurement just as you would an IV
Report controls just like IVs
If multi-categorical, report multiple effects
Run and report model with and without controls
Use controls others have used, and include them in hypotheses
*From Becker 2005 (12 recommendations consolidated)

6. Unsupportive Coworkers
Controls in SPSS
Just treat like IV
Unsupportive Coworkers
Unsupportive Boss
Job Satisfaction
Work-Family Conflict
Autonomy
Burnout

7. Unsupportive Coworkers
Controls in AMOS
Also just treat like IV
Place them below and consolidated
Unsupportive Coworkers
Unsupportive Boss
Job Satisfaction
Work-Family Conflict
Autonomy
Burnout