1. 3. PCR
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2. PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR – in vitro
The more DNA available, the easier it is to work with.

3. Kary Mullis
Developed the PCR process in 1986
Nobel Laureate, 1993

4. Polymerase Chain Reaction
Uses purified DNA polymerase
Minimum requirements for DNA polymerase:

5. Three steps for a cycle DNA strand denaturation (95°C)
Primer annealing (50°C - 65°C)
DNA strand synthesis (72°C)

6. PCR

7. Problem
Where do you find enzymes that don’t break down at 95°C? Thermus aquaticus Isolated Taq polymerase from these bacteria.

10. PCR
After 30 cycles, 230 (more than a billion) copies of DNA can be produced. 30 cycles of PCR can take anywhere from 1 – 2 hours to complete.

11. PCR Applications
Genetic Screening Forensic Analysis

12. Video
PCR Animation