1. Monday, October 24
Warm-up: List one achievement and two weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
Objective(s): See TEKS on next slide
Agenda:
Federalists & Anti-Federalists Activity
Homework:
8.3 Cornell Notes Due Friday October 28

2. TEKS 8.4 (E) Analyze the arguments for and against ratification
TEKS 8.15(A): Identify the influence of ideas from historic documents, including the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, the Mayflower Compact, the Federalist Papers, and selected Anti-Federalist writings, on the U.S. system of government.
TEKS 8.17(A): Analyze the arguments of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists, including those of Alexander Hamilton, Patrick Henry, James Madison, and George Mason.

3. P.A.T LIST (Paragraph One)
Why did the Founding Fathers need to create a stronger central government?
How is power divided under the United States Constitution?
What needed to happen to get the Constitution approved?

4. P.A.T. List (Paragraph two)
How did Anti-Federalists feel about a strong national government?
How did Anti-Federalists feel about local governments?
What did Anti-Federalists believe would happen to state governments and individuals if the country had a strong central government?

5. P.A.T. List (Paragraph Three)
Why did Federalists want a strong central government?
What did Federalists believe would keep the national government from becoming too powerful?

6. P.A.T List (Paragraph four)
How did the two sides argue their stance on the ratification of the Constitution?
Who were responsible for the Federalists Papers?

7. P.A.T. List (Paragraph Five)
What Compromise did the Founding Fathers agree on in order to gain the approval of all thirteen states.
What was included in the Bill of Rights?
Why were Anti-Federalists happy with the Bill of Rights?

8. Tuesday, OCTOBER 25, 2016 Homework:
Warm-up: What is significant about the date 1787?
Objective(s): See TEKS on next slide
Agenda:
Constitution, Pre-Knowledge Activity
Overview of the U.S Constitution notes
TRTW over the Amendment Process
Homework:
8.3 & 9.1 Cornell Notes Due Friday October 28

9. TEKS 8.15 ( C ) Identify colonial grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence and explain how those grievances were addressed in the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights
TEKS 8.15 (D) Analyze how the U.S. Constitution reflects the principles of limited government, republicanism, checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, popular sovereignty, and individual rights.

10. The Constitution of The United States of America

11. The Constitutional Convention
55 delegates from 12 states met to strengthen the ineffective Article of Confederation. Some of the nation’s greatest leaders worked together to construct a framework for government. After hard work, many disagreements and compromises, a final document was produced. It was signed and ready for ratification on
September 17, 1787

12. How the Constitution is Organized
Preamble
(opening statement or introduction)
Article
Section
Clause
Amendments 1-10 The Bill of Rights
Amendments 11-27

13. For Example... Article I: The Legislature
Section 8: Powers granted to Congress
Clause 18: “The Congress shall have Power To ...make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.”

14. The Preamble

17. Article I
Describes the Legislative Branch of government and its powers. (The Senate and House of Representatives)

18. Article II
Describes the Executive Branch of government and its powers. (The president and cabinet)

19. Article III
Describes the Judicial Branch of government and its powers. (The Supreme Court and lower, federal courts)

20. Article IV Describes how states relate to each other.
Respect each other’s laws
How to add new states
U.S. promises to come to the defense of states

21. Article V
Describes the process for amending (changing, adding to or subtracting from) the Constitution.

22. The Constitution is the Supreme Law of the land
Article VI
The Constitution is the Supreme Law of the land

23. Describes the process for ratifying the Constitution
Article VII
Ratification
Describes the process for ratifying the Constitution

24. Ratification Ratify means to formally approve.
After the Constitution was written it was sent to the states to be ratified. Nine states had to approve the constitution, but the goal was to have all 13 states agree.

26. Hamilton, Madison and Jay
The Federalists
Federalist is the term for one who was in favor of ratifying the Constitution. Leaders among the Federalists were: James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. Together, they are the authors of The Federalist Papers, essays written with the aim of convincing voters that the Constitution was good for the United States.
Hamilton, Madison and Jay

27. The Anti-Federalists
Anti-Federalist is the term for one who was against ratifying the Constitution. Leaders among the Anti- Federalists were: George Mason and Patrick Henry. Anti-Federalists feared a strong central government would lead to tyranny. They insisted on the addition of a Bill of Rights.
Patrick Henry

28. The Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments to the Constitution protect the individual rights of American citizens. The addition of these protections were the result of the arguments made by anti-federalists.

29. Talk One
Do you believe adding an amendment to the United States Constitution will be an easy process?

30. Talk Two
How do you feel about the Amendment process? Do you believe the process to add an amendment to the United States Constitution is too hard?

31. Describe the Amendment Process.
Write
Describe the Amendment Process.

32. WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 26, 2016
Warm-up: Who were the men responsible for the Federalist Papers? What did they use as their pen name?
Objective(s): See TEKS on next slide
Agenda:
Electoral College Notes
Discussion
Homework:
8.3 & 9.1 Cornell Notes Due Friday October 28

33. TEKS 8. 15 (D) Analyze how the U. S
TEKS 8.15 (D) Analyze how the U.S. Constitution reflects the principles of limited government, republicanism, checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, popular sovereignty, and individual rights.
TEKS 8.21 ( C ) Summarize a historical even in which compromise resulted in a peaceful resolution

34. Electoral College 101

35. ? Just how is someone elected to be our next..
It isn’t as easy as you might think!

36. Get out your calendar! The formula for Federal Elections is…
On the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November in a presidential election year, eligible voters may, through their ballot, select the electors who are committed to cast their electoral votes for the candidate of the voter's choice.

37. Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
November
Sun.
Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
Thurs.
Fri.
Sat. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Practice – using this calendar, what day of the month would a federal election be held on?

38. Steps to Elect the President
November – the people choose “electors” in each state.
Electors are appointed by their political parties which lets them cast a vote for the president and vice president of the United States.
December – the electors meet in electoral college “campuses” to vote for the president.
January 6 – the Vice President (who is the President of the Senate) counts the electoral votes before both houses of Congress and announces a winner.
Who is the current Vice President?
Inauguration Day – the President elect is inaugurated and takes the oath of office.

39. Electoral Process
1. Each state has a number of electoral votes equal to the number of Senators (2) and Representatives in Congress.
The total number varies from state to state based on population and is adjusted every ten years, as necessary, based on census results.
There are: Senators
Representatives + 3 for D.C.
= Electors
100
435
538

40. Electoral Process Continued…
2. Uses a “winner take all” system – the candidate winning a majority of ______________in a state wins all the “electoral votes” in the state.
Uses a “winner take all” system – the candidate winning a majority of “popular votes” in a state wins all the “electoral votes” in the state.
On January 6, the President of the U.S. Senate will read these results to a joint session of Congress. The presidential candidate who receives an absolute majority (one vote over 50%) of the electoral votes will serve as president of the United States. On January 20, at noon, the Constitutionally elected president and vice president are sworn into office.
* Of the 50 states, 48 have a winner-take-all policy in the electoral college. This means that if a candidate wins the popular vote in a state, regardless of the margin of victory, that candidate will receive all of the states electoral votes. Maine and Nebraska have a format in which two electors are selected by the statewide popular vote and the rest by a popular vote within each Congressional district. In addition, some states have adopted laws that require electors to vote for the candidate who wins the statewide popular vote.

41. So if Texas has 38 electors, how many Senators does Texas have?
There are 538 electoral votes. It takes a majority - _______ electoral votes to be elected President. Texas has _____electors.
270 38
So if Texas has 38 electors, how many Senators does Texas have?
How many Representatives does Texas have?
Hint: The formula for how many electors a state has is the number of Senators plus the number of Representatives. Each state has an equal number of Senators, but different numbers of Representatives as that is based on population. 2 36

43. Although the Electoral College has been in existence since 1787, it has always been a source of controversy. The chaos that surrounded the election of 2000 resulted in a spirited dialogue across the nation about the legitimacy of the Electoral College.

44. Election of 2000 – What happened?
By mid-November, it appeared that had won the nationwide popular vote by more than _________votes over
200,000
That meant that Gore should have been President, right? Wrong. Even though Gore won more popular votes, Bush won the votes that counted, the votes in the Electoral College.

45. What happened? Continued…
The 2000 election was one of the closest in U.S. history. Bush led in ______ by a few hundred votes, which promised to give him enough electoral votes to win the election. Even if Bush won Florida by ___ vote, all 25 of Florida’s electors would be expected to vote for Bush.
Florida
one

46. What happened…the conclusion!
For ____ weeks, the two campaigns fought legal battles over recounts of the Florida ballots. Finally on December 12, the U.S. Supreme Court voted ____ to ____ to stop the recounts, ensuring that Bush would win the Presidency. On December 18, the electors cast their ballots in their state capitals. On January 6, the electoral votes were counted by _____________ in front of Congress and Bush was certified as the winner of the election.
several
Pres. Of Senate

48. Reasons to keep the Electoral College?
* In 48 of the 50 states, if a candidate wins the popular vote, they receive all of that state’s electoral votes. This forces the Democrats and Republicans to develop platforms that are diverse and inclusive in an attempt to attract as many voters as possible. * Due to the diverse platforms of the Democrat and Republican Parties, the electoral system discourages the development of significant third parties. As a result, it is virtually guaranteed that one of the candidates will receive an absolute majority (over 50%) of the electoral votes.
* The Electoral College restricts significance of the popular vote to the state level. As a result, disputes have an impact at the state and local level rather than at the national level. For example, if the election of 2000 had been a nationwide popular vote, disputes could have been raised in several states in an effort to close or expand the narrow margin separating the two candidates. Under the current system, the dispute was limited to Florida.
* Although presidential candidates rarely visit less populous states, the Electoral College guarantees each state a minimum of three electoral votes and a potential impact on the outcome of the election. With a nationwide popular vote, candidates would increase their visibility in populated regions of the country and reduce their already limited spending in sparsely populated states.

49. Reasons to abolish the Electoral College?
* The candidate who receives the most popular votes can lose the election (e.g & 2000). Critics of the Electoral College would argue that the current system is inconsistent with the values of a democracy.
* The Electoral College prevents the development of a third party that could mount a legitimate campaign to win the White House. The current winner-take-all system forces the Democrats and Republicans to develop wide ranging platforms in a attempt to attract as many voters as possible. As a result, regional campaigns or campaigns that emphasize a limited number of issues get shut out.
* The electoral college was a result of a compromise at the Constitutional Convention in an effort to keep the presidential election out of the hands of the "uneducated." This system served its purpose in the early years of America's history. Today, the electoral college is an outdated system that needs to be Constitutionally amended.
* Although it has not happened in modern American history, a presidential election could be thrown to the House of Representatives. In a House vote, each state would receive one vote, which gives less populous states a disproportionate level of influence in the selection of the president of the United States.

51. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 27, 2016
Warm-up: Write “Ratifying the Constitution Political Cartoon”
Objective(s): See TEKS on the next slide.
Agenda:
Notes over the Principles of the Constitution
First Period- Class Picture
Homework:
8.3 & 9.1 Cornell Notes due Tomorrow!!

52. TEKS 8.15 ( C ) Identify colonial grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence and explain how those grievances were addressed in the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights.
TEKS 8.15(D) Analyze how the U.S. Constitution reflects the principles of limited government, republicanism, checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, popular sovereignty, and individual rights.
TEKS 8.19 (B) Define and give examples of unalienable rights.

53. Principles of the Constitution

54. What are the principles of the Constitution?
And Judicial Review.

55. Who Gives Government it’s Power?
Popular Sovereignty –
a government in which the people rule.
The Preamble clearly spells out who has the power.

56. How is abuse of power prevented?
Popular Sovereignty
a government in which the people rule.
Limited Government
the principle that requires ALL U.S. citizens, including government leaders, to follow the law. The Government can only do what the Constitution says it can do.

57. How is power shared? Federalism –
Popular Sovereignty
a government in which the people rule.
Limited Gov’t
requires ALL U.S. citizens, including government leaders, to follow the law. The Government can only do what the Constitution says it can do.
a system of govt. in which power is divided, or shared, between a central govt. and states.

58. Federalism Continued…
What is the purpose of dividing powers between national and state governments?

59. One more look at Federalism
Enumerated Powers – specifically assigned to the national govt.
Reserved Powers – kept to the state govt.
What are concurrent powers?

60. How is power divided? Separation of Powers –
Limited Gov’t
requires ALL U.S. citizens, including government leaders, to follow the law. The Government can only do what the Constitution says it can do.
Federalism
power is divided, or shared, between a central govt. and states.
Separation of Powers –
the division of basic govt. into branches. No one branch is given all of the power.

61. How is power evenly distributed?
Federalism
power is divided, or shared, between a central govt. and states.
Separation of Powers
division of basic govt. into branches. No one branch is given all of the power.
Checks and Balances –
the ability of each branch of govt. to exercise checks, or controls, over the other branches.

62. A closer look…

63. What “check” does the Judicial Branch have on the Legislative Branch?
Judicial Review –
the principle that the Supreme Court has the final say in interpreting the Constitution.
Federalism
power is divided, or shared, between a central govt. and states.
Separation of Powers
division of basic govt. into branches. No one branch is given all of the power

64. How are personal freedoms protected?
Individual Rights –
personal liberty and privilege guaranteed to U.S. citizens by the Bill of Rights.
Checks and Balances
ability of each branch of govt. to exercise checks, or controls, over the other branches
Judicial Review
Supreme Court has the final say in interpreting the Constitution

65. How are people’s views represented in govt?
Republicanism –
the people exercise their power by voting for their political representatives.
Judicial Review
Supreme Court has the final say in interpreting the Constitution
Individual Rights
personal liberty and privilege guaranteed to U.S. citizens by the Bill of Rights

66. Identify the principle illustrated in the statement
Many of your parents voted to elect either Will Hurd* or Pete Gallego to be their congressman.
This is an example of ____________.
*Hurd won
Republicanism

67. Congress approved of President Reagan’s appointment of Sandra Day O’Connor to the Supreme Court of the United States.
This is an example of ____________________.
Checks and Balances

68. Congress makes laws for the nation.
This is an example of ______________.
Separation of Powers

69. Now it’s your turn to practice!
Massachusetts must respect the laws of neighboring Connecticut and distant Alaska
The President and all other government officials must obey the law, as do all American citizens.
Voters in Texas elected John Cornyn to represent them in the U.S. Senate.
Federalism
Limited Government
Republicanism

70. 4. New York can not sign a treaty with Canada or any foreign country.
5. The Supreme Court can rule that a California state law is unconstitutional.
6. The powers of the national government are distributed among three branches of govt.
7. The govt. cannot arrest a person unless that person has violated a law.
Federalism
Judicial Review
Separation of Powers
Individual Rights

71. 8. State and local government supervise the public school system.
9. The Senate can refuse to approve a treaty that the President has negotiated.
10. The Supreme Court interprets and applies the laws.
11. The President can veto a bill approved by the House of Representatives and Senate.
Federalism
Checks and Balances
Judicial Review
Checks and Balances

72. 12. The President is the commander in chief of the military.
13. The Preamble of the Constitution begins with “We the People.”
14. The Bill of Rights guarantees free speech.
15. The city of San Antonio, the state of Texas, and the national government all work together to repair Interstate 10.
Separation of Powers
Popular Sovereignty
Individual Rights
Federalism

73. 16. Students protest the development of land over the Edwards Aquifer.
17. Congress can override a President’s veto with 2/3 of its member’s approval.
18. President Obama can be ticketed for speeding (if he actually ever drives himself somewhere)
19. The Supreme Court ruled that the line-item veto was unconstitutional.
20. People protest outside a state prison on the day a prisoner is to be executed.
Individual Rights
Checks and Balances
Limited Government
Judicial Review
Individual Rights

74. Friday, October 28, 2016
Warm-up: Name the three branches of the United States’ government. Describe the importance of Checks and Balances.
Objective(s): See TEKS on next slide
Agenda:
8.3 & 9.1 Reading Check
Principles Spinnable
Homework:
Complete Principles Spinnable (if needed)
Enjoy your weekend!!!

75. TEKS 8.15 ( C ) Identify colonial grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence and explain how those grievances were addressed in the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights.
TEKS 8.15(D) Analyze how the U.S. Constitution reflects the principles of limited government, republicanism, checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, popular sovereignty, and individual rights.
TEKS 8.19 (B) Define and give examples of unalienable rights.