1. Use the Earth’s layers illustration to answer 1
Use the Earth’s layers illustration to answer Which Earth layer is marked with the letter “Y”?
A. Crust
B. Mantle
C. Outer core
D. Inner core

2. A. Crust B. Mantle C. Outer core D. Inner core
Use the Earth’s layers illustration to answer 2. Which Earth layer is marked with the letter “X”?
A. Crust
B. Mantle
C. Outer core
D. Inner core

3. 3. Which statement best explains how the Crust and the Mantle are different.
A. Crust is more dense than the mantle
B. Crust is thicker than the mantle
C. The mantle is hotter and denser than the crust
D. The crust is hotter and denser than the mantle

4. 4. How does density and temperature change as you move from Crust to the Core (as you go deeper)?
A. Density increases and temperature decreases
B. Temperature increases and density decreases
C. Density and temperature decrease
D. Density and temperature increase

5. 5. Which statement best explains how the outer core and the inner core are similar?
A. Inner and outer cores are made out of rocks
B. Inner and outer cores are made out of plastic
C. Inner and outer cores are made out of iron
D. Inner and outer cores are made out of lava

6. 6. Which of the Earth’s layers is the densest layer?
A. Crust
B. Mantle
C. Outer core
D. Inner core

7. 7. What material is the Outer Core made out of?
A. Brittle hard rocks
B. Dense, solid metals
C. Dense, semi-solid rocks
D. Dense, liquid iron/nickel

8. 8. Which Earth layer contains molten rocks?
A. Crust
B. Mantle
C. Outer core
D. Inner core

9. 9. From left to right, which correctly lists the Earth’s layers from highest pressures to lowest pressure?
A. Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
B. Mantle, crust, outer core, inner core
C. Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
D. Crust, mantle, inner core, outer core

10. 10. How do we know what is inside the Earth?
A. Fossil evidence
B. Global positioning system
C. Studying earthquakes
D. Studying magnet reversals.

11. 11. What could cause the river’s cross section to change over a hundred years as shown in the picture?
A. Beavers built a dam on the river
B. A volcano erupted and formed a valley
C. An earthquake made the land drop
D. Rocks and sediments were carried away by the river

12. 12. Which statement best explains how the air can chemically break down rocks?
A. The air is very abrasive and is powerful
B. Oxygen in the air causes oxidation on the rock
C. The wind wears away on the rock
D. Air fills the cracks in the rock and breaks it

13. 13. Which statement best explains how water mechanically breaks down rocks?
A. Water expands when it freezes (Ice Wedging)
B. Water does not break down rocks
C. Acids in water react with chemicals in the rock
D. All of the above

14. 14. Jenny observed rust on statues and bridges
14. Jenny observed rust on statues and bridges. What type of weathering did she observe?
A. Mechanical weathering
B. Physical weathering
C. Chemical weathering
D. Erosion weathering

15. 15. Which is an example of chemical weathering?
A. Rocks tumbling down the mountain side
B. Water freezing and thawing on a rock
C. Acids produced by lichens breaking down rock
D. Water moving downhill and hitting rocks

16. 16. Which statements are TRUE about TOPSOIL?
I Contain decayed organic materials
II Is made mostly of partially weathered rocks
III Is made of red clay
IV Is the most fertile soil layer
V Contains most of the humus
A. I, II and V
B. I, IV, and V
C. II, III and V
D. II, IV, and V

17. 17. (In the picture) Which horizon contains most of the Humus?
A. Horizon O
B. Horizon A
C. Horizon
D. Horizon D or R

18. 18. A soil sample characteristics are listed below
18. A soil sample characteristics are listed below. Which horizon (from the picture above) did the soil sample come from?
Characteristics: Sandy
Beige Clay
small roots
Silt
A. Horizon O
B. Horizon A
C. Horizon B
D. Horizon C

19. 19. Which soil conservation method change steep hills into many smaller steps as shown?
A. Cover crop
B. No-till farming
C. Terracing
D. Crop rotation

20. 20. Soil is important because it provides_____.
A. Nutrients for plants
B. Storage for water
C. Housing for animals and insects
D. All of the above