1. Endangered Species Act
Act passed in 1973 that established measures for saving threatened animal species.

2. Community Reinvestment Act of 1977
Federal law passes to protect against credit practices that might discriminate in low- income neighborhoods.

3. OPEC Organization of Oil Exporting Countries
Includes many nations from the Middle East.
Control supply of oil, which affects gas prices.

4. Ronald Reagan 40th President Ended the Cold War
Marked the return to conservatism
Reaganomics

5. Reaganomics President Reagan’s approach to the economy.
Also known as trickle down economics with the idea that if corporations and the wealthy were doing well, they would hire more, leading to a better economy for all.

6. Peace through Strength
Conservative slogan supporting military strength to promote peace.

7. Phyllis Schafly
Conservative woman who opposed the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and worked to ensure it did not pass.

8. Contract with America
Document released in 1994 that outlined the Republican plans if they became the majority party in the House of Representatives.
Included smaller government, less taxes, welfare reform.

9. Heritage Foundation
A conservative “think tank” which had influence during the Reagan presidency and whose ideas were the basis for the Contract with America.

10. Moral Majority
A network of ministers and others that registered voters who would support conservative candidates and issues.

11. National Rifle Association (NRA)
Non-profit interest group which supports the protection of the 2nd Amendment’s right to bear arms.

12. George H.W. Bush 41st President Saw the fall of the Berlin Wall
Ordered military action in the Persian Gulf after Saddam Hussain invaded Kuwait.
Lost popularity after the US entered a recession and taxes were raised.

13. Persian Gulf War
Invasion of Iraq by the United States in order to liberate Kuwait, which had been taken over for their oil reserves.

14. Billy Graham
A conservative Christian evangelist who was an advisor to numerous Presidents.
He is the person that has preached to the most people in history.

15. Sandra Day O’Connor
1st female Supreme Court Justice

16. Estee Lauder
Successful business woman who created a global cosmetics company.

17. Bill Clinton 42nd President
Instituted welfare reform and children’s health care.
Was impeached for lying to a grand jury but was acquitted.

18. The Balkans/Yugoslavia/Croatia
An area in the Mediterranean that was created after World War I.
It was split along religious lines, Catholic Croats, Orthodox Slavs, and Muslim Serbs.
In the 1990’s, it was the site of a war that included the leader of Yugoslavia putting many of the Muslim men into camps leading to their deaths.

19. Hillary Clinton First lady who worked for Health Care reform.
2008 Presidential candidate who won more delegates that any other woman in history.
Secretary of State under President Obama.

20. NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
Signed by the United States, Canada, and Mexico creating opportunities for trade between the three nations.

21. Bill Gates Founder and CEO of Microsoft.
One of the world’s richest men.

22. Sam Walton
Founder of Wal-mart

23. Election of 2000
Presidential election between George W. Bush and Al Gore which resulted in a vote recount and case that appeared before the Supreme Court.
Bush won the electoral vote while Gore won the popular vote.

24. 9/11/2001
September 11, 2011
Attacks on World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Washington D.C.
Planned by Al-Qaeda- a militant anti-western group based in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

25. War on Terror
Military campaign led by the United States to eliminate terrorism around the world.
Began after the attacks on 9/11

26. Patriot Act
Act passed by Congress as a response to 9/11 which expanded the powers of law enforcement and limited the individual rights of Americans

27. Hurricane Katrina One of the most costly hurricanes in US History.
Massive flooding was caused when levees that were designed to keep water levels low broke.
Caused major issues with rebuilding.

28. Election of 2008
Presidential race between Barack Obama and John McCain.
Led to the election of the 1st African American President in US History

29. Sonia Sotomayor/Elena Kagan
3rd female Supreme Court Justice
1st Hispanic justice
Elena Kagan
1st female Dean of Harvard Law
4th female Supreme Court Justice

30. Oprah Winfrey Media personality
1st African American female billionaire.
Known for her philanthropy.

31. American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
Economic stimulus package passed in response to the Recession of 2008.

32. Robert Johnson Successful businessman
Founder of BET (Black Entertainment Television)
1st African American billionaire.

33. Lionel Sosa
Runs the largest Hispanic advertising agency.

34. Mendez v. Westminster
Case that ruled that separating Mexican American students in schools is unconstitutional.

35. Hernandez v. Texas
14th Amendment applies to all races not just African Americans
All races are afforded rights to jury of their peers.

36. Delgado v. Bastrop
Segregation of Mexican American students is unconstitutional in Texas

37. Edgewood ISD v. Kirby
All schools should receive equal amounts of federal funding regardless of the race or socioeconomic status of the students.

38. Sweatt v. Painter
Qualified students must be given admission regardless of race and a separate facility does not count.

39. Tinker v. Des Moines
School administrator must show a valid reason for regulating free speech.
Free speech/protest is acceptable within reason in school.

40. Baker v. Carr “One man, one vote”
Courts decide districting for representation.

41. Mapp v. Ohio
States cannot consider evidence gained in violation of the Constitution.

42. Gideon v. Wainwright
State must provide an attorney to a defendant regardless of ability to pay.

43. Escobedo v. Illinois
A suspect must be allowed access to their attorney and be advised of their right to remain silent.

44. Miranda v. Arizona
Law enforcement must give all suspects a warning informing them of their right to an attorney and the right to remain silent.