1. Other Diseases and Disabilities
Chapter 15
Other Diseases and Disabilities
Contents
Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases
Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Section 3 Understanding Disabilities
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2. What Are Hereditary Diseases?
Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases
Chapter 15
What Are Hereditary Diseases?
Hereditary diseases: caused by abnormal chromosomes or inherited defective genes
Genes:
segments of DNA located on a chromosome
code for a specific hereditary traits
Mutations:
changes to a gene
can cause a disease or increase a person’s chances of getting a disease.
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3. Types of Hereditary Diseases
Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases
Chapter 15
Types of Hereditary Diseases
Single-gene diseases occur when a single gene out of the 30,000 to 40,000 genes in the body has a harmful mutation.
In complex diseases, more than one gene influences the onset of the disease. Lifestyle behaviors also contribute to complex diseases.
Chromosomal diseases
wrong number of chromosomes or an incomplete chromosome
Down syndrome occurs when a person has 3 copies of the 21st chromosome instead of 2.
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4. Coping with Hereditary Diseases
Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases
Chapter 15
Coping with Hereditary Diseases
Genetic counseling informs a person or couple about their genetic makeup.
Understand the chances of passing on a hereditary disease to a child.
Keep personal health records and know the records of your family.
Stay informed with your disease (helps to cope and live productively with the disease)
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5. What Are Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases?
Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Chapter 15
What Are Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases?
Immune disorders are the result of the immune system failing to function properly (ex: allergies, asthma)
Autoimmune diseases are diseases in which the immune system attacks the cells of the body that the immune system normally protects (ex: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Multiple Sclerosis).
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6. Types of Immune Disorders
Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Chapter 15
Types of Immune Disorders
Allergies are reactions by the immune system to harmless substances.
Asthma is an immune disorder in which the airways that carry air into the lungs to become narrow and clogged with mucus.
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7. ALLERGIES (CAUSES): Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold
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8. ASTHMA (SIGNS & SYMPTOMS):
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9. ASTHMA (TREATMENT): Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold
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11. Arthritis: Definition: inflammation of the joints Symptoms: pain
Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Chapter 15
Arthritis:
Definition:
inflammation of the joints
Symptoms:
pain
Inflammation
Treatment:
Medication (OTC and/or Rx)
Ice
Physical Therapy
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12. Arthritis Chapter 15 Osteoarthritis not an autoimmune disease.
Gradual breakdown of cartilage due to old age, injury, or daily activities (wear & tear).
Rheumatoid arthritis
an autoimmune disease
the immune system destroys the lining of the joints.

13. Rheumatoid arthritis

14. Traumatic injuries can lead to arthritis

15. The progression of arthritis

16. Total knee replacement surgery

18. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Chapter 15
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
an autoimmune disease
the immune system attacks myelin, the fatty insulation on nerves in the brain and spinal cord
(hot dog and bun metaphor)
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19. Coping with Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
Chapter 15
Coping with Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases
If you are diagnosed with an immune disorder or autoimmune disease:
Be honest with your doctor.
Understand your disorder and your doctor’s treatment plan.
Follow the treatment plan.
Let your doctor know about new symptoms that develop.
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20. Anatomy of the Eye

21. Anatomy of the Eye

22. A. Disabilities that affect vision
Chapter 15
A. Disabilities that affect vision
Glaucoma
increased pressure inside the eye
causes impaired vision and eye damage
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23. Glaucoma Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold
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24. A. Disabilities that affect vision
Cataract
cloudiness of lens
causes impaired vision and blindness
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25. A. Disabilities that affect vision
Chapter 15
A. Disabilities that affect vision
Macular degeneration
damage to an area of the retina
causes impaired vision and blindness
Complications from Diabetes
Vascular damage to structures within the eye
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26. Chapter 15
B. Disorders that affect vision
The following must be seen and treated by and eye doctor:
Corneal Ulcer
infection
Common with misuse of contact lenses

27. Corneal Ulcer
Disorders that affect vision
The following must be seen and treated by and eye doctor:
Corneal Ulcer (infection)
Common with misuse of contact lenses

28. Chapter 15
B. Disorders that affect vision
The following must be seen and treated by and eye doctor:
Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
VERY contagious (from one eye to the other, and from person to person

29. Conjunctivitis

30. Chapter 15
C. Eye Injuries
The following must be seen and treated by an eye doctor:
Corneal Laceration

31. Chapter 15
C. Eye Injuries
The following must be seen and treated by an eye doctor:
Hyphema (blood in anterior chamber of eye)

32. Chapter 15
C. Eye Injuries
The following must be seen and treated by an eye doctor:
Facial Fracture
Traps or impinges muscles
Prevents normal movement & tracking

33. Chapter 15
C. Eye Injuries
The following must be seen and treated by an eye doctor:
Ruptured Globe

34. Near / Far sightedness

35. Anatomy of the Inner Ear

36. Disabilities Involving Hearing
Chapter 15
Section 3 Understanding Disabilities
Disabilities Involving Hearing
28 million Americans are affected
Hearing impairment:
Nerve damage
Results from exposure to high volumes
Tinnitus
buzzing or ringing in the ears that is caused by exposure to loud noise
Hearing loss
caused by genetic factors, medicines, and infections and exposure to loud noise
Treatment options include hearing aids and cochlear implants.
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37. Hearing

38. Ruptured Ear Drum
(Tympanic Membrane)

39. Balance

40. Disabilities Involving Movement
Chapter 15
Section 3 Understanding Disabilities
Disabilities Involving Movement
Spinal cord injuries (paralysis)
Paraplegia is paralysis of the lower body.
Quadriplegia is paralysis of the upper and lower body.
Multiple Sclerosis
Parkinson’s disease
ALS (Lou Gehrig’s disease)
Tourette’s syndrome
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41. Osteoporosis

42. Coping with Disabilities
Chapter 15
Section 3 Understanding Disabilities
Coping with Disabilities
Understanding and learning to deal with disabilities in a positive way helps make living with a disability easier.
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Federal legislation intended to make American society more accessible to people with disabilities.
Businesses must comply with Federal mandates (handicapper ramps, parking, restroom facilities, etc)
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43. End of Chapter 15 Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold
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