1. SPM 100 Clinical Skills Lab 4
C-Spine Immobilization,
Hemorrhage Control and Simple Splinting Extremities
Daryl P. Lofaso, M.Ed, RRT

2. Acceleration – Deceleration
Blunt Trauma
Acceleration – Deceleration
MVC
Falls
Altercations

3. Penetrating Trauma
GSW
Stabs

4. Most Common Cervical Injuries
Adult: C5 – C6
Child: C2 - C3

5. Brain Injuries: Direct Injuries: Indirect Injuries: MVC (Windshield)
Blunt Head Trauma (Stick, Bat)
Indirect Injuries:
Airway (Obstruction)
Decrease in perfusion (Hypotension)

6. Spinal Cord Injuries Paraplegia – paralysis of both legs
Quadriplegia – paralysis of both arms & legs
Hemiplegia – paralysis of arm and leg on the same side

7. Spinal Cord Injury Statistics
11,000 Americans suffer a traumatic spinal cord injury
56% are between the ages of 16 and 30 (average age: 31)
82% male and 18% female

8. Common Causes of Spinal Cord Injuries
MVC – 42.9% (Most common)
Falls – 20.9%
Violence-related – 17.8%
Sports-related – 10.4%
Other – 7.9%
2010 Annual Statistical Report, March 2011

9. Hemorrhage Control Direct Pressure Elevation Pressure Point
Tourniquet (rarely used)

10. Class of Hemorrhage

11. Types of Splints
Rigid Board
Padded Board
Air-Inflated
Traction

12. Assessment Post Splint Placement
Pain
Numbness or tingling in hand or foot
Fingers or toes are cool to touch,
change in color
Loss of movement in fingers or toes

13. Types of Fractures: Closed fracture Open Fracture Comminuted Fracture
Avulsion Fracture
Greenstick Fracture
Torus Fracture

14. Professional Conduct Introduce yourself
Explain the procedure / examination to the patient
Ask the patient if they have any questions
Cover the patient with a sheet. Only expose area examining while performing a procedure/examination