1. Ways to think about voice disorders?
Etiologic Correlates of Vocal Dysfunction
Vocal misuse
Vocal Abuse
Inappropriate Function of Vocal Components
Medically related etiologies
Direct Surgery
Indirect Surgery
Chronic Illness and Disorder
Primary disorder etiologies
Cleft palate
VP Insufficiency
Cerebral Palsy and other neurologic disorders
Trauma
Personality-related etiologies
Environmental Stress
Identity Conflict
Stemple, et al. (2014)
SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko

2. Classification of Pathologies and Disorders
The overly simplistic approach
Organic Voice Disorders
Neurogenic Voice Disorders
Functional Voice Disorders
SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko

3. Classification of Pathologies and Disorders
The more thorough approach
I. Structural Pathologies of the Vocal Fold
II. Inflammatory Conditions of the Larynx
Malignant Epithelial Dysplasia (a.k.a cancer)
Benign Epithelial and LP Abnormalities
Congenital and Maturational Changes
Cricoarytenoid and Cricothryoid Arthritis
Acute Laryngitis
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Chemical Sensitivity/Irritable larynx Syndrome
Verdolini et al. (2006)
SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko

4. Classification of Pathologies and Disorders
III. Trauma or Injury of the Larynx
IV. Systemic Conditions Affecting Voice
Internal Laryngeal Trauma
External Laryngeal Trauma and Arytenoid Dislocation
Endocrine Disorders
Immunologic Disorders
Verdolini et al. (2006)
SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko

5. Classification of Pathologies and Disorders
V. Nonlaryngeal Aerodigestive Disorders Affecting Voice
VI. Psychiatric & Psychological Disorders Affecting Voice
Respiratory Disease
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Infectious Diseases of the Aerodigestive Tract
Psychogenic Conversion Aphonia and Dysphonia
Factitious Disorders or Malingering
Gender Dysphoria or Gender Reassignment
Verdolini et al. (2006)
SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko

6. Classification of Pathologies and Disorders
VII. Neurologic Conditions Affecting Voice
VIII. Other Disorders of Voice Use
Peripheral Nervous System Pathology
Movement Disorders Affecting the Larynx
Central Neurologic Disorders Affecting Voice
Vocal abuse, misuse, and Phonotrauma
Vocal Fatigue
Muscle Tension Dysphonia (Primary & Secondary)
Ventricular Phonation
Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion
Verdolini et al. (2006)
SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko

7. Occurrence Rates of Voice Disorders
Source: Manitoba Centre for Health Policy
SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko

8. Occurrence Rates of Voice Disorders
Roy et. al (2004) JSLHR
SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko

9. Occurrence Rates of Voice Disorders
SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko
Roy et al. (2004)

10. Occurrence Rates of Voice Disorders
Common Problems^
Males
edema
polyps
Granuloma
papilloma
Females
nodules
psychogenic dysphonia *
*Roy et al. (2007)
^Coyle et al. (2001)
SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko

11. What about the young and the old?
Elderly (65-94 years)*
Lifetime prevalence: 47%
Current problem: 29%
Negative quality of life
Largest treatment seeking group 
Common problems
Vocal fold paralysis
Cancer
Presbyphonia
Children^
Current problem: 6-23%
Most common problems
Vocal nodules
Vocal fold paralysis
Subglottic stenosis
Laryngomalacia
Functional voice problems
*Roy et al. (2007)
^ multiple sources
SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko