1. HOPS

2. HOPS How many have taken the Forensics Class?
How many enjoy crime shows?

3. HOPS
Think about the importance of each piece of evidence at a crime scene and share the answers to the following questions with a partner:
1. What would happen if one part of the investigation was left out?
2. Why is it important to have all of the pieces in order to see the whole picture?
After discussing the answers with your partner, be prepared to share with the rest of the class.

4. Objectives Students will be able to…
Define new terminology related to the evaluation process.
Identify HOPS & MAPPS
Identify where information goes into HOPS
Explain the injury evaluation process.

5. Evaluation Goals
To correctly evaluate an athlete’s injury you need to follow an organized process
Includes S & S
Ensures the end product will successfully be achieved
Leads to appropriate treatment and return to play (RTP)

6. Evaluation: HOPS : Vocabulary
An organized process of determining the type and severity of an injury

7. HOPS : Vocabulary
Etiology
the cause/origin of an injury or disease

8. HOPS Vocabulary Pathology
the study of diseases/injuries and the changes that occur as a result of injury

9. Mechanism of Injury How the injury occurred
HOPS Vocabulary
Mechanism of Injury How the injury occurred

10. An injury with a sudden occurrence
HOPS Vocabulary
Acute
An injury with a sudden occurrence

11. Chronic HOPS Vocabulary A recurring injury;
One that has been going on for an extended period of time

12. HOPS HOPS: A system of injury evaluation based on History Observation
Palpation
Stress Tests/Special Tests

13. History Used to establish the injury background
Series of questions to determine nature and location of injury
*Based on subjective findings (Symptoms)*
How/when did it happen?
Previous injury?
Hear or feel anything?
Type/location of pain

14. HOPS History To establish the history, use the MAPPS pneumonic:
M = Mechanism of injury
A = Acute or chronic
P = Previous history of injury
P = Pain (type & location)
S = Sounds heard or felt at the time of injury or since

15. HOPS Mechanism Sample questions: How did the injury occur?
What caused the injury?
What happened?
Were you able to continue participating?
Can you think of any other questions you might ask?

16. HOPS Acute / Chronic Acute or Chronic Sample Questions:
When did the injury happen?
Has the injury been going on for a while?
If so, for how long?
Can you think of any other questions you might ask?

17. HOPS Previous History Sample Questions: Has this ever happened before?
If so, when did it happen?
What was done to care for the injury?
Can you think of any other questions you might ask?

18. HOPS Pain Sample Questions: Where was the pain initially?
Where does it hurt now?
What relieves the pain?
What makes the pain worse?

19. HOPS Pain Sample Questions: Describe the pain.
On a scale of 1 to 10, how severe is the pain?
What have you done to relieve the pain?
Can you think of any other questions you might ask?

20. HOPS Sounds Sample Questions: What did you hear? What did you feel?
Can you think of any other questions you might ask?

21. HOPS Observation Visual part of eval
*Based on objective findings (Signs)*
Compare the uninvolved side with the involved side

22. HOPS Observation Look for: Swelling Deformity / dislocation
Discoloration
Bleeding
Break(s) in the skin

23. HOPS Observation Compare the uninvolved side with the involved side
Look for:
Scars from previous surgeries
Muscle atrophy
Loss of movement

24. HOPS Observation Look for: Is the athlete limping?
Did the athlete need assistance to get up?
Is the athlete protecting the injured extremity?

25. Practice with worksheet to properly identify history and observation
STOP
Practice with worksheet to properly identify history and observation

26. HOPS Palpation Hands on approach Palpate the following Bones Muscles
Tendons
Ligaments
Joint Capsule

27. HOPS Palpation
Boney Landmarks

28. Bony Palpation: HOPS: Palpation Point Tenderness Deformities
Joint Pain
Joint Abnormalities
Why is this important to palpate first?

29. HOPS: Palpation
Muscles

30. Muscle Palpation: HOPS: Palpation Point Tenderness Deformities Spasms
Temperature

31. HOPS: Palpation - Tendons
connect muscle to bone

32. Tendon Palpation: HOPS: Palpation Point Tenderness Deformities
Temperature

33. HOPS: Palpation
Ligaments-
connect bone to bone

34. Ligamentous Palpation:
HOPS: Palpation
Ligamentous Palpation:
Point Tenderness
Deformities
Temperature

35. Palpate for: HOPS: Palpation Pain Bony Deformities Muscle Spasms
Tendon Injuries
Ligament Injuries
Pulse (where applicable)
Breaks in Skin (injury to underlying structures)
Change in Temperature
Change in Sensation

36. HOPS: Stress Tests
Specific tests done for specific areas to determine type & severity of injury
testing for
ROM
Function

37. HOPS: Stress Tests/Special Tests
Range of Motion
Specific Joint Tests
Strength/Muscle Tests
Functional Tests
Sport Specific Activities

38. HOPS: Stress Tests Range of motion
The amount of movement available at a specific joint

39. Passive ROM (PROM) Movement is performed by the examiner
HOPS: Stress Tests
Passive ROM (PROM) Movement is performed by the examiner

40. HOPS: Stress Tests Active ROM (AROM )
Movement performed by the athlete

41. HOPS: Stress Tests Resisted ROM
Athlete attempts to move against the resistance applied by the examiner

42. Special Tests HOPS: Stress Tests Tests for specific structures
Lachmans = ACL

43. HOPS: Stress Tests
Special Tests
Valgus Stress=MCL

44. HOPS: Stress Tests
Special Tests
Posterior Drawer= PCL

45. HOPS: Stress Tests
Special Tests
McMurray’s = Meniscus

46. HOPS: Stress Tests Manual Muscle Testing (MMT)
Testing strength of muscle group.
Graded like strains/sprains
5/5 full strength compared bilateral

47. HOPS: Stress Tests
Functional Testing using functional progression to assess athlete’s ability to perform specific activity

48. STOP Get out your worksheet from yesterday
Complete the P and S sections ON YOUR OWN

49. Closure List out HOPS and label what each letter stands for.
List out MAPPS and label what each letter stands for.
Where does MAPPS go in the evaluation process?
Give a brief description of each section in HOPS.