1. IP Address

2. IP Address
IP address is short for Internet Protocol (IP) address.
Every machine has a unique identifier on a network.
Computers use the unique identifier to communicate to specific computers on a network.
The unique identifier for a computer is called its IP address.
e.g.
NADRA assigns a CNIC # to a person which is unique in whole Pakistan.

3. IP Address Versions of IP Address IPv4 (Present)
IPv6 (Future – 128bit)
IPv bit Address
1 bit is 0 / 1
X . X . X . X
8bit . 8bit . 8bit . 8bit
= 32 bit

4. IP Address Calculation Table27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
Calculation
Value
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
128+64
192
224
240
248
252
254
255

5. IP Address
100 in Binary
200 in Binary

6. IP Address Two portion of IP Address Network Portion Host Portion
Type of IP Address
Public
Buy from IANA
Unique on Internet
Private
Predefined by IANA
Don’t use on Internet
Local Area Network (LAN)
We use internet on private IP address. This is because of NAT feature in our device

7. IP Address Classification of IP Address Class Range Usage N/w bits
Host bits
S Mask A
0 – 126
Data Comm 8 24 B
128 – 191 = 16 C
192 – 223 D
224 – 239
Multicast - E
240 – 255
R & D
Note: Value 127 is not in any class, it is reserved for loopback testing.
The loopback IP address is the address used to access itself.

8. IP Address
Classes X
0-255=256 A
Network
Host B C

9. A 256 B C IP Address Calculation of Valid Hosts Classes X Total B
65534 C
256-2
254

10. IP Address
What is Network Identifier (ID)? When we consider host portion to all 0’s, we get Network ID What is Broadcast Identifier (ID)? When we ON all bits of host portion OR consider host portion to all 1’s, we get Broadcast ID.

11. IP Address
Classes
Network ID
Subnet Mask A B C

12. IP Address Private IP addresses A B C 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0
Classes
Network ID
Subnet Mask
Broadcast ID
1st IP address
Last IP address A B C

14. Thank you