1. The Cold War
Unit 9.1

2. Roots of the Cold War Differences between Communism & Democracy
Re-organization of Europe after World War II

3. Cold War Begins The Iron Curtain: Close the East off from the West
Soviet
Satellites
The Iron Curtain: Close the East off from the West

4. Containment Policy Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan
Aid offered to any country that would refuse the spread of Communism
Massive aid given to war-torn Europe to rebuild
Helped spread good-will toward U.S.

5. Divided Germany
Berlin Airlift (result of Berlin Blockade)

6. NATO Warsaw Pact North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Each NATO member pledged to defend every other member if attacked.
Agreement between Soviet Union and its satellite nations
Soviet response to NATO

7. Berlin Wall See video clip:
Erected in 1961 to prevent East Germans from escaping to the West.

8. Containment in Asia China Korea China falls to Communism
US prevents admission of China into United Nations
Divided between Communist North Korea and non-Communist South Korea.
US supportive of South Korea

9. Demilitarized Zone

10. Arms Race (massive retaliation)
Space Race

11. Americans become concerned with internal security
Cold War at Home
Americans become concerned with internal security

12. House Un-American Activities Committee
Rosenberg Trials
House Un-American Activities Committee
Investigated “un-American” activities
Questioned actors, directors, writers, and others about possible Communist sympathies

13. McCarthy Hearings “McCarthyism” Another Red Scare / Witch Hunt
No proof
“The Crucible”

14. Civil Rights Movement
Unit 9.2

15. Origins of Civil Rights Movement
Many Americans believed it was wrong for America to pose as defender of freedom and democracy around the world while denying equality to many of its citizens at home.

16. Truman Years, 1945-1953 Jackie Robinson Called for civil rights laws
Proposed civil rights legislation
Demanded his inauguration be integrated
Desegregated armed forces

17. Civil Rights Litigation
Plessy v. Ferguson
Sweatt v. Painter
Segregation “separate-but-equal” was constitutional.
Segregated Law School in Texas was did not meet “separate-but- equal” standard.

18. Brown v. Board of Education “Jim Crow” laws
Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and marked the end of legal segregation in public schools.
Desegregation should be conducted “with all deliberate speed.”

19. Civil Rights Clip

20. Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955-1956
Rosa Parks
Court ruled that segregation on buses violated the “equal protection” clause of the 14th Amendment.

21. King's Reaction

22. Civil Rights Act of 1957 (voting rights)
Gave federal courts the
power to register
African-American voters.

23. “Little Rock Nine”
Governor ordered the Arkansas National Guard to surround the all- white high school to prevent nine African-American students from entering the building.
Little Rock Nine video clip

24. Sit-Ins & Freedom Rides (1960-1961)
Sit at “whites only” lunch counters and refuse to leave unless served.
Interracial groups rode buses in the South. video clip

25. King’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail, 1963
King stood for non-violent resistance
Arrested for a march he led in Birmingham
“everyone has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws.”
Letter explains the reasons why African could no longer patiently wait for their constitutional rights.

26. March on Washington, 1963
Organized to pressure Congress to pass the new Civil Rights bill that was then before Congress.
A quarter of a million people attended
Video clip

27. Civil Rights Act of 1964
Prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, or ethnic origin in hotels, restaurants, places of employment doing business with the federal government or engaged in interstate commerce.

28. 24th Amendment (1964) Voting Rights Act of 1965
Eliminated poll taxes in federal elections.
Ended poll taxes
Suspended literacy tests
Led to an increase in the number of African-American voters.

29. Affirmative Action, 1965
Companies and institutions were required to actively recruit minority candidates.
Led to reverse discrimination
Mostly phased out now

30. Billy Graham
Christian preacher and spiritual adviser to several U.S. Presidents
Anti-Communist
Bailed King out of jail and made a public tour with him in 1957
Advised Eisenhower to send federal troops to help little rock nine.