1. TCP and UDP
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - The set of standards that is responsible for breaking down and reassembling the data packets transmitted on an IP network, for ensuring COMPLETE delivery of the packets, and for controlling data flow.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) - A non-reliable counterpart of TCP protocol providing a direct way to send and receive datagrams over an IP network but with few error recovery resources, used mainly for broadcasting over a network, for example, with streaming media.
For both DVR’s in analog camera systems and IP camera systems, encoding is performed.
Common encoding types are Motion JPEG and MPEG-4, while H.264 is a more advanced version of the latter, with even smaller data size requirement.
As seen on this slide, Motion JPEG uses single frame encoding. This means that each frame in the video is encoded separately. This is essentially a video created by combining a series of complete JPEG picture files
MPEG-4 and H.264, on the other hand, uses multi-frame encoding. A single “reference” frame is encoded just as Motion JPEG does for all its frames. However, only changes on a subsequent frame with respect to the reference frame is stored, meaning much of redundant data is neglected to keep data sizes concise.