1. Population Dynamics

2. Population Dynamics
Population: all the individuals of a species that live together in an area
Demography: the statistical study of populations, make predictions about how a population will change
Although several species may share a habitat they each have their own niche. A niche is a very narrow range where a species fits within a habitat.

3. Population Dynamics Three Key Features of Populations Size Density
Dispersion
(clumped, even/uniform, random)
Age Structure
Although several species may share a habitat they each have their own niche. A niche is a very narrow range where a species fits within a habitat.

4. Three Key Features of Populations
1. Size: number of individuals in an area
Although several species may share a habitat they each have their own niche. A niche is a very narrow range where a species fits within a habitat.

5. Factors That Affect Future Population Growth
Immigration + + -
Population
Mortality
Natality -
Emigration

6. 4 Factors that affect density
1. Immigration- movement of individuals into a population
2. Emigration- movement of individuals out of a population

7. Three Key Features of Populations
Growth Rate=
Birth Rate (natality) - Death Rate (mortality) X
Total Population OR
Change in Population X 100
Original Population
Rate of Natural Increase(r)=
Birth Rate (b) − Death Rate (d)
Although several species may share a habitat they each have their own niche. A niche is a very narrow range where a species fits within a habitat.

8. Three Key Features of Populations
2. Density: measurement of population per unit area or unit volume
Formula: Dp= N
Pop. Density = # of individuals ÷ unit of space
Although several species may share a habitat they each have their own niche. A niche is a very narrow range where a species fits within a habitat. S

10. 4 Factors that affect density
3. Density-dependent factors- Biotic factors in the environment that have an increasing effect as population size increases
  Ex. disease
competition
parasites

11. 4 Factors that affect density
4. Density-independent factors- Abiotic factors in the environment that affect populations regardless of their density
  Ex. temperature
storms
habitat destruction
drought

13. Developing vs. Developed Countries
Less industrialized
Lower per capita income
Less stable government
Poorer living conditions
Higher infant mortality rate
Lower life expectancy
More industrialized
Higher per capita income
More stable government
Better living conditions
Lower infant mortality rate
Higher life expectancy

14. POST-REPRODUCTIVE
REPRODUCTIVE
PRE-REPRODUCTIVE

15. Population of a Stable Country  

16. You decide!

17. Other factors that affect population growth
Carrying Capacity- the maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources
There can only be as many organisms as the environmental resources can support
Although several species may share a habitat they each have their own niche. A niche is a very narrow range where a species fits within a habitat.

18. PREDICTING POPULATION GROWTH, con’t Two modes of population growth.
The Exponential curve (also known as a J-curve) occurs when there is no limit to population size.
The Logistic curve (also known as an S-curve) shows the effect of a limiting factor (in this case the carrying capacity of the environment).

19. J-shaped curve (exponential growth)
Carrying Capacity Nu m b e r
J-shaped curve (exponential growth)
Carrying Capacity (k)
S-shaped curve (logistic growth)
Ok so
Time

21. 2 Life History Patterns 1. R Strategists short life span
small body size
reproduce quickly
have many young
little parental care
Ex: cockroaches, weeds, bacteria

22. 2 Life History Patterns 2. K Strategists long life span
large body size
reproduce slowly
have few young
provides parental care
Ex: humans, elephants

23. Survivorship Curves

24. Human Population Growth

26. Human Population Growth

27. Other factors that affect population growth
Limiting factor- any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence of organisms in a specific environment.
EX.- Amount of water
Amount of food
Temperature

28. Limiting Factor- Zone of Tolerance
Few organisms present
None
Few organisms present
None
Many organisms present
Although several species may share a habitat they each have their own niche. A niche is a very narrow range where a species fits within a habitat.

29. Current Human Population Trends
Global human population is currently over 7 billion.
Globally, the population is still increasing.
Most growth is occurring in the developing world.
Earth’s carrying capacity is 9-10 billion due to available food.

30. Current Human Population Trends
China is currently the most populous country at around 1.4 billion people, followed closely by India.
India’s population will surpass China’s by 2050 due to a higher growth rate.
The US is 3rd in terms of population at over 325 million people.

31. Current Human Population Trends

32. Controlling Population Growth
Demographers believe growth can be slowed by: 1) Education (family planning) 2) Reducing poverty 3) Increasing women’s status