1. DRUGS FOR THE CONTROL OF PAIN

2. Drugs
Opioid agonist morphine Opioid antagonist Narcan Non-opioid analgesics Aspirin Tylenol Sumatriptan

3. PAIN Subjective/Objective “It is whatever the patient says it is”
6th Vital Sign
PQRST

5. PAIN ASSESSMENT = EFFECTIVE PHARMACOTHERAPY
Effective pharmacotherapy depends on
Assessment of degree of pain
Determining underlying disorders
Acute
Chronic

7. Nociceptor stimulation Spinal cord receives pain impulse through
TRANSMISSION OF PAIN
Nociceptor stimulation
Spinal cord receives pain impulse through

8. NONPHARMACOLOGIC THERAPIES
Acupuncture
Massage; therapeutic or physical touch
Meditation or prayer
Art or music therapy
Chiropractic manipulation
Heat or cold
Relaxation

9. PROTOTYPE DRUGS Morphine (opioid analgesic)
Naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist)
Aspirin (nonopiod analgesic)
Sumatriptan (antimigraine)

10. OPIOID ANTAGONIST & ACUTE OIOID TOXICITY
Acute opioid toxicity = severe respiratory depression and is a medical emergency
Opioid antagonist drugs: block receptors
Naloxone (Narcan)

11. NURSING
Careful monitoring, especially respiratory
Do not administer if respirations <12/minute
Narcan readily available
Resuscitative equipment readily available
Education

12. NURSE’S ROLE & ANTIMIGRAINE DRUGS
Stop migraines in progress
Prevent migraines from occurring
Provide quiet, calm environment, decreased noise, lighting
Education