1. Wuthering Heights Experts
While we read:
Lead class discussion on topic
Due the day of the test:
2 page reflection/analysis on the growth of your topic
MLA format

2. Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte

3. Emily Bronte
Born in northern England; grew up near the Yorkshire moors
Never had a career, never married, never left her home (isolated from society)
One of six children; sister Charlotte Bronte wrote the famous novel Jane Eyre
Her mother died when she was only three
She was an “intensely private” person
Published Wuthering Heights in 1846

4. The Victorian Novel The Victorian Period is named after Queen Victoria
It was a time when women were expected to be prim and completely centered on domestic life
Romanticism was a popular movement at the time (novels characterized by gothic elements such as haunted mansions and twisted love stories)

5. Romanticism Stressed the importance of feeling rather than thinking
Emphasis on the natural—the darker aspects of existence, especially human nature
Focus on romantic attraction and strong emotions
The “dark hero”- the protagonist who embodies the passionate, brooding, possibly evil nature
Romanticism

6. Yorkshire Moors “Wuthering” means stormy or turbulent/wild
The moor is an essentially hostile environment but also beautiful.
A desolate and isolated part of England
The setting in Wuthering Heights reflects the area where Emily Bronte grew up
Characterized by rugged hills with scattered, hard, black stones with little vegetation
Yorkshire Moors

7. The Setting - Yorkshire, England

8. The Setting, cont. Wuthering Heights is set in three locations:
Thrushcross Grange
The Yorkshire Moors

10. Wuthering Heights A story of two Households…

11. Thrushcross Grange

12. Thrushcross Grange and the Moors
Gimmerton Valley near Thrushcross Park
Looking from the Valley toward the Moors

13. Wuthering Heights

14. Wuthering Heights is highly praised for the unique narrative technique Emily Bronte used to execute the novel, often referred to as a “frame narrative.”
The two main narrators are Lockwood and Nelly Dean, but other narrators arise throughout the novel when Nelly quotes what other characters have told her.
The frame narrative form of the novel adds complexity for the reader. Lockwood is the outer layer and Nelly the inner layer.
Since the story passes through layers, the reader must question the reliability of all that he or she reads.
Framework Story

15. Wuthering Heights is told in medias res (Latin for "into the middle of things”). It usually describes a narrative that begins, not at the beginning of a story, but somewhere in the middle — usually at some crucial point in the action. The purpose in Wuthering Heights is to add a sense of mystery.
Novel Structure

16. Industrial Revolution and Social Class
Wuthering Heights was written in 1847, which was a time when Capitalism and the Industrial Revolution were the dominant forces of the British economy and society. It was a time of rapid, often confusing, change that led to violence. As a result of the changing economy, the traditional relationships between classes and the social structure began to change.
Industrial Revolution and Social Class

17. While wealth had traditionally been measured by land ownership, the eighteenth century had begun a trend toward a cash-based economy.
This created a middle class who were more economically powerful than its landowning superiors (gentry).
The power of yeomen, or the respectable farming class, as well as the traditional power-holding gentry was challenged by the newly wealthy capitalists.
Industrial, cont.

18. Social Changes...
Each of these classes is represented in the novel by various characters.
Find and define each class with each character.

19. Women’s Rights… During this time period women’s rights were changing.
Why this is relevant:
Emily Brontë wrote Wuthering Heights during the beginning of the women’s rights movement in England.
The primary concerns of the movement were the lack of women’s right to vote and the lack of married women’s property rights. The latter issue arises in Wuthering Heights.

20. Romanticism, the Gothic novel, and Wuthering Heights
Wuthering Heights contains elements of Romanticism and the Gothic novel.
Romantic elements:
nature as a powerful spiritual force
descriptions of the countryside
elevated emotional levels and passion
a desire to rise above the limitations of ordinary human existence
a strong interest in death
a portrayal of opposites – escape and pursuit, life and death
isolation, both emotional and geographical
elements of the supernatural
Romanticism, the Gothic novel, and Wuthering Heights

21. The Gothic novel Elements of the Gothic novel
a castle, sometimes ruined or haunted
sinister, ruined buildings
extreme landscape and weather
death and madness
omens
ancestral curses
terrifying events
taboo and sensational topics
a suggestion of the supernatural
a villain or villain-hero (Byronic hero) driven by passion
a heroine wooed by both a good and a dangerous suitor
revenge
The Gothic novel

22. Byronic Hero
Heathcliff is regarded as a classic Byronic hero. The Byronic hero was defined by Lord Byron’s epic narrative poem , Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage in 1812.
Elements of the Byronic hero:
a distaste for social institutions and social norms
conflicting emotions or moodiness
high levels of intelligence and cunning
self-criticism
mysterious origins and a troubled past
self-destructive tendencies
a loner, rejected from society

23. Keep In Mind… Keep track of dates and how the story progresses.
Keep track of who is speaking. This will help you keep your reading organized.
Keep track of whether or not the story is flashback mode or not.
It is not necessary to understand all of Joseph’s dialogue, but you need to keep in mind his characterization and the meaning behind what he says.
Keep In Mind…