1. Norman MacCaig “Memorial”

2. The 'Poets' Pub' painting shows those writers known as the 'Big Seven' – arguably the most influential Scottish poets of the post-war era.
But of this group – Norman MacCaig, Hugh MacDiarmid, Sorley Maclean, Iain Crichton Smith, George Mackay Brown, Edwin Morgan and Robert Garioch – it is the work of MacCaig and Morgan which remains the most popular in Scottish schools.

3. But what is it about his work which sees it endure from one generation of Scottish pupils to the next?
According to literacy advisor and former English teacher, Bill Boyd, the biggest factor keeping MacCaig alive in the classrooms is the accessibility of MacCaig's work.:
"There's very little you read of his and think 'I don't really get that'. For instance, Basking shark is about an encounter with a basking shark.“
Watch these clips where Seamus Heaney discusses the strengths of Norman MacCaig's poetry and Jackie Kay discusses his poetry's tendency to make you look at something simple in a different light:
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4. The life's work of MacCaig is, by any standard, a hugely impressive legacy – one that speaks for itself. He skilfully produced many different types of poem and all are timeless in their own way.
Some may favour MacCaig's playfulness, for others it might be how he evokes certain landscapes. For others, it's those poems MacCaig produced as he grew older and began to lose those close to him – work that is full of grief – that lingers most.
Norman MacCaig on the effects of death on his work and reading ‘Notes on a Winter Journey’ and ‘Memorial’:
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“Memorial”

5. “Memorial”
Everywhere she dies. Everywhere I go she dies. No sunrise, no city square, no lurking beautiful mountain but has her death in it. The silence of her dying sounds through the carousel of language. It’s a web on which laughter stitches itself. How can my hand clasp another’s when between them is that thick death, that intolerable distance?

6. She grieves for my grief
She grieves for my grief. Dying, she tells me that bird dives from the sun, that fish leaps into it. No crocus is carved more gently than the way her dying shapes my mind. – But I hear, too, the other words, black words that make the sound of soundlessness, that name the nowhere she is continuously going into.

7. Ever since she died she can't stop dying. She makes me her elegy
Ever since she died she can't stop dying. She makes me her elegy. I am a walking masterpiece, a true fiction of the ugliness of death. I am her sad music.

8. Exposing the poem – Class discussion
On a first reading, what do you think the poem is about?
What don’t you understand on first hearing?
Are there any lines or words which you find unusual, interesting or memorable?

9. Group Work
Listen to the poem being read aloud a second time. In your groups, prepare detailed answers to these questions. Each person should take responsibility for feeding back to the class for each question.
1. What is the poem about on the surface?
2 Who is speaking in the poem? Who are they speaking to?
3.How does the poem use language to convey its message and what techniques can you identify?
4.What are the themes or ideas behind it?
5. What response does the poem elicit from the reader/ you?

10. Understanding Vocabulary
Highlight an unfamiliar/difficult words in the poem.
Try and work out what they mean from the context of the poem.
You may use a dictionary or your phone to look up definitions.
Write the definition in your jotter.

11. Imagery – Paired Work
Use a different coloured highlighter for each of the following:
Examples of imagery
Sound techniques
Interesting word choice
Examples of repetition

12. Sound techniques
Onomatopoeia… where words make the sound they describe.
Assonance … where the repetition of vowel sounds has an effect on the sound, feel and tone of the words; usually making them slow or sombre
Alliteration … where the repetition of consonant sounds has an effect on the sound, feel and tone of the words; usually making them hiss or rattle or jump .

13. Elegy
In literature, an elegy (from the Greek word for “lament”) is a mournful, melancholic or plaintive poem , especially a funeral song or a lament for the dead.
"Elegy" (sometimes spelled elégie) may denote a type of musical work, usually of a sad or somber nature. A well-known example is the Élégie, Op. 10, by Jules Massenet:
eo (Piano)
fM (Cello)

14. Elements of a traditional elegy
The elements of a traditional elegy mirror three stages of loss:
First, there is a lament, where the speaker expresses grief and sorrow.
Then praise and admiration of the idealised dead.
Finally consolation and solace.
These three stages can be seen in W. H. Auden’s classic “In Memory of W.B.Yeats”, written for the Irish master:

15. Why do you think this is relevant to the poem?
“She makes me her elegy. I am a walking masterpiece, a true fiction of the ugliness of death. I am her sad music.”
Think about the elements of a traditional elegy. How does “Memorial” follow this?
Why do you think MacCaig writes “I am her sad music?”
What is his message about the function of Art (poetry, art, music, literature).

16. Music
The philosopher Plato wrote about banishing certain types of music which had harmonies expressive of sorrow as he believed it had the capacity to weaken his armies. ( platos-republic/)
1.What type of music creates an emotional reaction in you?
Compare
James Brown ‘I Feel Good’
- Adele ‘Someone Like You’
2.Can music create an emotional reaction in the listener?
- Opera en el Mercado
Why do you think the people in the clip react the way they do? Some with laughter, tears, wonder…

17. Opera en el Mercado
Why do you think the people in the clip react the way they do?
Your answers:
Music unites people /brings everyone together.
The sound does something to the soul.
The sound captures certain emotions.
It brings the opera to the market. Democracy.
People who are not used to listening to that type of music have a chance to experience it.

18. Literature, Art, Poetry Discuss
Can they create an emotional reaction in the same way music does? Give examples.
Is it possible to capture sadness in these forms or do you think this is difficult? ( But I hear, too, the other words, the black words that make the sound of soundlessness…”)
Is it possible to create something beautiful out of despair?

19. MacCaig seizes the fleeting moment in his verse in order to transform it, or to reveal it, in an affirmative act of praise and endless celebration. The celebration is endless because the poet’s art lives on, long after what inspired it has changed or passed away.” ( Scotnotes, ‘The Poetry of Norman MacCaig’,p.40)
Why does the narrator become her masterpiece?
What is MacCaig implying about the permanence of art and, in turn, the memory of the woman?
Dutch author Hans Christian Andersen once said: "Where words fail, music speaks.” Why do you think this is relevant to the ending of the poem?
She makes me her elegy. I am a walking masterpiece,
a true fiction
of the ugliness of death.
I am her sad music.

20. The essay
Question from the sample question on the SQA web site

21. Thursday 12 P 2 Learning intentions
Today we will learn how to structure a critical essay
How write an introduction
How to plan the points we make
How to conclude

23. The plan
Introduction
Name of author and text and a brief explanation of why this poem fits the question.
‘Memorial’ by Norman MacCaig is a poem which had a lasting effect on me. I found it powerful and emotional but wonderfully written.

24. The plan Second paragraph
Pick an aspect of the poem which made it memorable for you.
Explain which element like the imagery , quote from the poem and then discuss why you think it had an effect.
One of the things that made this poem so memorable was the imagery. The image of the carousel of language really made me think.
Quote
It made me think because…

25. The plan Another powerful aspect of the poem was …
Follow the second paragraph with 4 more things that had an effect on you, like the form (elegy) or the sound (onomatopoeia) .
Include a paragraph where you express your opinion about death loss and the way the poem captures this.

26. The conclusion
This sums up your answer to the question . You should pull together all the points you have made and finish the essay with a direct answer to the question.
In conclusion this poem was effective in the following ways … because of this it had a lasting effect on me.

27. Success criteria 1. Relevant to Task 2. Show Knowledge of Text
3. Show Understanding of Central Concerns
4. Show Personal Insight/Reaction
5. Show Awareness of Technique/Genre
6. Use Critical Language/Literary Terms
7. Use Quotations/Textual Evidence
8. Write Accurately •