1. Origins of the Modern State Chapter 22 – Section 1

2. Chapter 22 Section 1 Objectives
1- Identify the ancient foundations of the state in Athens, in Rome and in the feudal system
2 – Analyze the rise of sovereign states
3 – Explain how governments can achieve legitimacy
4 – Understand why European nations turned to colonialism

3. Chapter 22 Section 1 Vocabulary Patricians Plebeians Feudalism
Sovereignty
Legitimacy
Divine Right of Kings
Colonialism
Mercantilism

4. Chapter 22 Section 1 Main Idea
In this section we will compare the governments of ancient Athens and Rome. We will analyze and compare the government of the Roman Republic and the United States and the concepts that led to the Declaration of Independence

5. Chapter 22 Section 1 Ancient Foundations
The founding fathers of the newly independent United States were students of history and for the most part were highly educated and were deeply influenced by the political philosophies of the ancient Greeks and Romans

6. Athens: The First Democracy
Chapter 22 Section 1
Ancient Foundations
Athens: The First Democracy
The Greek civilization was at its peak from BC, a good 2000 years before the USA
Athens began as a monarchy, but by 600 BC the monarchy was overthrown and was replaced with what the Greeks called demokratia (rule by the people)

7. Chapter 22 Section 1 Ancient Foundations Athens: The First Democracy
Athenian democracy was a direct democracy
It featured an assembly of 18 year old males and met 40 times a year to debate public issues and make law, decisions were decided by a simple majority
The Assembly’s agenda was set by the Council of Five Hundred (Boule), 500 randomly selected citizens that served 1 month terms
Courts (dikastria) were staffed by randomly selected judges for 1 year of at least 30 years old

8. Chapter 22 Section 1 Ancient Foundations Athens: The First Democracy
Athens reached the peak of its glory at about 500 BC, it had been weakened by wars by roughly 400 BC and its democracy was ended by the Romans that eventually defeated the Greeks in 146 BC.

9. Chapter 22 Section 1 Ancient Foundations Roman Republic
As democracy began to appear in Greece, it began to appear in Rome as well
Rome, like Greece was founded as a monarchy in 753 BC, by 509BC the monarchy was overthrown and a republic was established and lasted for about 100 years

10. Chapter 22 Section 1 Ancient Foundations Roman Republic
The Roman Republic was not democratic in today’s, however, it did offer representation
Much of Rome’s political history revolved around a struggle between the PATRICIANS (wealthy) and the PLEBIANS (everybody else)
Government was centered around the Senate composed of 300 members that were selected by the citizens
The Senate selected two counsels (chief executives) much like the parliamentary system

11. Chapter 22 Section 1 Ancient Foundations Feudalism
The Roman Republic gave way to the Roman Empire and eventually collapsed in the 5th century AD and marked the middle ages that lasted until the 1600s
This marked the end of democracy as the world once knew it for nearly 1000 years

12. Chapter 22 Section 1 Ancient Foundations Feudalism
FEUDALISM was a loosely organized system in which powerful lords divided their land among lesser lords
Those with land and power agreed to protect the lords below them in exchange for their loyalty, military service and a portion of their annual crops

14. Chapter 22 Section 1 Rise of the Sovereign State
Feudalism essentially was a makeshift basis for government, as the Catholic Church began to spilt (American II) the need for more structure became apparent. It was at this time that framework for the modern nation state (through monarchies) began to appear

15. Chapter 22 Section 1 Legitimacy
The development of the sovereign state was vital in creating political organization, yet governments also needed legitimacy to rule
Rulers seek the consent (permission) to rule which is known as LEGITIMACY, the belief by the people that government has the right to make rules
A legitimate government is accepted by its people as the authority (law) of the state

16. Chapter 22 Section 1 Legitimacy
Governments may achieve legitimacy in a variety of ways (think the 4 origins of the state)
Force
Evolution
Divine Right
Social Contract Theory
Another way for a government or leader to win legitimacy is through the cult of personality (The Stalin & Hitler Pictures)

17. Chapter 22 Section 1 Legitimacy
The most durable and lasting form of legitimacy is when a government binds itself to the rule of law, much like out limited government
The law must be seen as fair and effective for people to trust the government & its leaders
The United States government operating under the Constitution is the best example of this