1. Revision - 6 mark questions

2. 1. Uses light energy… A
A. Nucleus B. Chloroplast C. Vacuole D. Cell wall B C D
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3. 2. Contains cell sap… A. Nucleus B. Chloroplast C. Vacuole
D. Cell wall B C D
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4. 3. Not found in bacterial cells…
A. Nucleus
B. Chloroplast
C. Vacuole
D. Cell wall B C D
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5. 4. Only found in plant and bacterial cells…
A. Nucleus
B. Chloroplast
C. Vacuole
D. Cell wall B C D
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6. 5. Maintains structure and rigidity…
A. Nucleus
B. Chloroplast
C. Vacuole
D. Cell wall B C D
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7. Label the plant cell 1. 2. 3. 7. 6. 5. 4.

8. Label the bacterial cell1.
Label the bacterial cell 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

9. Question: Circle the command word and underline the key points.
Keywords / points to remember:
The 3 sections of this answer are:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Re-read your answer. Have you missed words out? Have you used capital letters and full stops? Have you written in short sentences and got straight to the point?

10. Compare and contrast bacterial and plant cells (6)
Similarities = 2 marks
Both have cell walls (1), cell membranes (1), ribosomes (1), cytoplasm (1).
Differences of bacterial cells = 2 marks
Bacterial cells have plasmids (1), chromosomal DNA (1), flagella (1), pilli (1), capsules (1).
Differences of plant cells = 2 marks
Plant cells have chloroplasts (1), a nucleus (1) cellulose cell wall.

11. Identify the parts of the blood.C. B.

12. Describe the function of these (A,B and C) components of the blood (6)

13. Describe the function of these (A,B and C) components of the blood (6)
Plasma carries dissolved substances around the body.
Example – water, glucose, urea, amino acids. (2 marks).
White blood cells are part of the immune system, produce antibodies/antitoxins, carry out phagocytosis/engulf, act against pathogens (2 marks).
Red blood cells carry oxygen, attached to haemoglobin. Forms oxyhaemoglobin. (2 marks).

14. Explain how red blood cells are adapted for their function (6)

15. Explain how red blood cells are adapted for their function (6)
small / flexible cells -> to squeeze through capillaries -> to reach all cells. (2 marks)
no nucleus -> contains haemoglobin -> to carry more oxygen (2 marks)
Biconcave shape -> large surface area -> for faster / greater movement of oxygen {into / out of} cell (2 marks)

16. Mini Whiteboards 1. State the meaning of the term tissue.
A group of cells that carry out a similar function.

17. 2. How can phagocytes destroy pathogens?
Mini Whiteboards
2. How can phagocytes destroy pathogens?
Engulfing them.

18. 3. Name the liquid part of the blood.
Mini Whiteboards
3. Name the liquid part of the blood.
Plasma

19. 4. Which animal cell has a flagella?
Mini Whiteboards
4. Which animal cell has a flagella?
Sperm cell

20. Mini Whiteboards 5. What is the function of mitochondria?
Carry out respiration and release energy.

21. Mini Whiteboards
6. If you had a low red blood cell count, how would you feel?
Tired / lack of energy/ lethargy/ short of breath

22. Mini Whiteboards 7. Describe fertilisation. (3) Sperm and egg fuse.
Nuclei combine.
Haploid gametes become a diploid zygote.

23. A change in the DNA base sequence.
Mini Whiteboards
8. What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA base sequence.

24. Mini Whiteboards 9. Why does a red blood cell have a thin membrane?
Faster diffusion of oxygen.

25. Mini Whiteboards
10. Why does a red blood cell have a biconcave shape? (2)
Large surface area.
Increase oxygen absorption.

26. Splat! Red blood cell Sperm Haploid Dissolved Zygote Oxygen
White blood cell
Tissue
Diploid
Organ
Plasma
Mutation
Gamete 20 40
Carbon dioxide

27. 1. A group of similar tissues that carry out a function…
Red blood cell
Sperm
Haploid
Dissolved
Zygote
Oxygen
White blood cell
Tissue
Diploid
Organ
Plasma
Mutation
Gamete 20 40
Carbon dioxide

28. 2. Another word for a sex cell…
Red blood cell
Sperm
Haploid
Dissolved
Zygote
Oxygen
White blood cell
Tissue
Diploid
Organ
Plasma
Mutation
Gamete 20 40
Carbon dioxide

29. 3. These engulf bacteria…
Red blood cell
Sperm
Haploid
Dissolved
Zygote
Oxygen
White blood cell
Tissue
Diploid
Organ
Plasma
Mutation
Gamete 20 40
Carbon dioxide

30. 4. Substances in blood plasma are…
Red blood cell
Sperm
Haploid
Dissolved
Zygote
Oxygen
White blood cell
Tissue
Diploid
Organ
Plasma
Mutation
Gamete 20 40
Carbon dioxide

31. 5. This has a biconcave shape…
Red blood cell
Sperm
Haploid
Dissolved
Zygote
Oxygen
White blood cell
Tissue
Diploid
Organ
Plasma
Mutation
Gamete 20 40
Carbon dioxide

32. 6. This binds with haemoglobin…
Red blood cell
Sperm
Haploid
Dissolved
Zygote
Oxygen
White blood cell
Tissue
Diploid
Organ
Plasma
Mutation
Gamete 20 40
Carbon dioxide

33. 7. This is how glucose travels around the body…
Red blood cell
Sperm
Haploid
Dissolved
Zygote
Oxygen
White blood cell
Tissue
Diploid
Organ
Plasma
Mutation
Gamete 20 40
Carbon dioxide

34. 8. This is transported in blood plasma…
Red blood cell
Sperm
Haploid
Dissolved
Zygote
Oxygen
White blood cell
Tissue
Diploid
Organ
Plasma
Mutation
Gamete 20 40
Carbon dioxide

35. Red blood cell Sperm Haploid Dissolved Zygote Oxygen White blood cell
9. A pig’s sperm cell contains 20 chromosomes. How many are found in it’s liver cells?
Red blood cell
Sperm
Haploid
Dissolved
Zygote
Oxygen
White blood cell
Tissue
Diploid
Organ
Plasma
Mutation
Gamete 20 40
Carbon dioxide

36. 10. The genetic content of a zygote…
Red blood cell
Sperm
Haploid
Dissolved
Zygote
Oxygen
White blood cell
Tissue
Diploid
Organ
Plasma
Mutation
Gamete 20 40
Carbon dioxide

37. 11. A change in the genetic code…
Red blood cell
Sperm
Haploid
Dissolved
Zygote
Oxygen
White blood cell
Tissue
Diploid
Organ
Plasma
Mutation
Gamete 20 40
Carbon dioxide

38. 12. A group of cells that carry out a similar function…
Red blood cell
Sperm
Haploid
Dissolved
Zygote
Oxygen
White blood cell
Tissue
Diploid
Organ
Plasma
Mutation
Gamete 20 40
Carbon dioxide

39. 13. A fertilised egg cell… Red blood cell Sperm Haploid Dissolved
Zygote
Oxygen
White blood cell
Tissue
Diploid
Organ
Plasma
Mutation
Gamete 20 40
Carbon dioxide

40. 14. A haploid cell… Red blood cell Sperm Haploid Dissolved Zygote
Oxygen
White blood cell
Tissue
Diploid
Organ
Plasma
Mutation
Gamete 20 40
Carbon dioxide

41. 15. Part of the immune system…
Red blood cell
Sperm
Haploid
Dissolved
Zygote
Oxygen
White blood cell
Tissue
Diploid
Organ
Plasma
Mutation
Gamete 20 40
Carbon dioxide

42. 16. This contains mitochondria…
Red blood cell
Sperm
Haploid
Dissolved
Zygote
Oxygen
White blood cell
Tissue
Diploid
Organ
Plasma
Mutation
Gamete 20 40
Carbon dioxide

43. Explain how plasmids are used to produce insulin (6)
Make a list of keywords/points.
Split this into three sections.

44. Explain how plasmids are used to produce insulin (6)
Isolate the human gene for insulin.
Cut it out using restriction enzymes. (2 marks)
Remove a plasmid from a bacterial cell using the same restriction enzyme.
Insert the gene into a plasmid.
Using ligase enzyme. (2 marks)
Insert the plasmid into a bacterial cell.
Bacteria replicate.
Isolate/filter/collect the insulin. (2 marks)

45. Which part of protein synthesis is shown in this diagram
Which part of protein synthesis is shown in this diagram? Describe what happens. (3) A G C T A G C U A G C T
Transcription
DNA strand unzips / unwinds.
DNA strand used as a template.
To produce a complimentary strand of mRNA
C-G and A-U

46. 1. What is the shape of the DNA molecule?
Mini Whiteboards
1. What is the shape of the DNA molecule?
Double Helix

47. Mini Whiteboards 2. What is the function of DNA?
Codes for proteins / controls the cell activities.

48. 3. What are the complimentary DNA base pairs?
Mini Whiteboards
3. What are the complimentary DNA base pairs?
C-G
A-T

49. 4. What are the base pairs held together by?
Mini Whiteboards
4. What are the base pairs held together by?
(Weak) hydrogen bonds

50. Mini Whiteboards
5. Which technique was used by Franklin and Wilkins to discover the DNA structure?
X ray crystallography

51. 6. Which process produces genetically identical cells?
Mini Whiteboards
6. Which process produces genetically identical cells?
Mitosis

52. A change in the genetic code/order of bases.
Mini Whiteboards
7. What is a mutation?
A change in the genetic code/order of bases.

53. Mini Whiteboards
8. What is the main disadvantage of genetically identical organisms?
Can’t adapt to their environment.

54. 9. If a gene contained 13% adenine, how much thymine would it contain?
Mini Whiteboards
9. If a gene contained 13% adenine, how much thymine would it contain?
13%

55. 10. How many amino acids does this mRNA strand code for?
Mini Whiteboards
10. How many amino acids does this mRNA strand code for?
AUGCGGGGUAUUAAAGUC
Six
18/3 = 6

56. How is water absorbed by the roots
How is water absorbed by the roots? (3) How are minerals absorbed by the roots? (2)

57. Water – osmosis (1) through root hair cells (1) from a high concentration to a low concentration through a partially permeable membrane (1) Minerals – active transport (1), against a concentration gradient (from low to high concentration (1).

58. Explain how plants obtain substances for growth (6)
Root hair cells have…
Water moves into the roots by...
From…
Minerals move into the roots by…
From…This requires...
Water & minerals move up the stem in the…by the …
Sugar in the form of…moves up and down the…in solution. This is…
Water and minerals move into the leaf by…
Water exits the leaf through…by…
Higher temperatures and wind…

59. Explain how plants obtain substances for growth (6)
Root hair cells have a large surface area.
Water moves into the roots by osmosis.
From a high conc to a low conc through a partially permeable membrane.
Minerals move into the roots by active transport.
From a low conc to a high conc. This requires energy.
Water & minerals move up the stem in the xylem by the transpiration stream.
Sugar in the form of sucrose moves up and down the phloem in solution. This is translocation.
Water moves into the leaf by diffusion.
Water exits the leaf through the stomata in transpiration.
Higher temperatures and wind speed up transpiration.

60. Explain how plants obtain substances for growth (6)
Root hair cells have a large surface area.
Water moves into the roots by osmosis.
From a high conc to a low conc through a partially permeable membrane.
Minerals move into the roots by active transport.
From a low conc to a high conc. This requires energy.
Water & minerals move up the stem in the xylem by the transpiration stream.
Sugar in the form of sucrose moves up and down the phloem in solution. This is translocation.
Water moves into the leaf by diffusion.
Water exits the leaf through the stomata in transpiration.
Higher temperatures and wind speed up transpiration.

61. Explain how plants obtain substances for growth (6)
Root hair cells have a large surface area.
Water moves into the roots by osmosis.
From a high conc to a low conc through a partially permeable membrane.
Minerals move into the roots by active transport.
From a low conc to a high conc. This requires energy.
Water & minerals move up the stem in the xylem by the transpiration stream.
Sugar in the form of sucrose moves up and down the phloem in solution. This is translocation.
Water moves into the leaf by diffusion.
Water exits the leaf through the stomata in transpiration.
Higher temperatures and wind speed up transpiration.

62. Explain how plants obtain substances for growth (6)
Root hair cells have a large surface area.
Water moves into the roots by osmosis.
From a high conc to a low conc through a partially permeable membrane.
Minerals move into the roots by active transport.
From a low conc to a high conc. This requires energy.
Water & minerals move up the stem in the xylem by the transpiration stream.
Sugar in the form of sucrose moves up and down the phloem in solution. This is translocation.
Water moves into the leaf by diffusion.
Water exits the leaf through the stomata in transpiration.
Higher temperatures and wind speed up transpiration.

63. Explain how plants obtain substances for growth (6)
Root hair cells have a large surface area.
Water moves into the roots by osmosis.
From a high conc to a low conc through a partially permeable membrane.
Minerals move into the roots by active transport.
From a low conc to a high conc. This requires energy.
Water & minerals move up the stem in the xylem by the transpiration stream.
Sugar in the form of sucrose moves up and down the phloem in solution. This is translocation.
Water moves into the leaf by diffusion.
Water exits the leaf through the stomata in transpiration.
Higher temperatures and wind speed up transpiration.

64. Explain how plants obtain substances for growth (6)
Root hair cells have a large surface area.
Water moves into the roots by osmosis.
From a high conc to a low conc through a partially permeable membrane.
Minerals move into the roots by active transport.
From a low conc to a high conc. This requires energy.
Water & minerals move up the stem in the xylem by the transpiration stream.
Sugar in the form of sucrose moves up and down the phloem in solution. This is translocation.
Water moves into the leaf by diffusion.
Water exits the leaf through the stomata in transpiration.
Higher temperatures and wind speed up transpiration.

65. Explain how plants obtain substances for growth (6)
Root hair cells have a large surface area.
Water moves into the roots by osmosis.
From a high conc to a low conc through a partially permeable membrane.
Minerals move into the roots by active transport.
From a low conc to a high conc. This requires energy.
Water & minerals move up the stem in the xylem by the transpiration stream.
Sugar in the form of sucrose moves up and down the phloem in solution. This is translocation.
Water moves into the leaf by diffusion.
Water exits the leaf through the stomata in transpiration.
Higher temperatures and wind speed up transpiration.

66. Explain how plants obtain substances for growth (6)
Root hair cells have a large surface area.
Water moves into the roots by osmosis.
From a high conc to a low conc through a partially permeable membrane.
Minerals move into the roots by active transport.
From a low conc to a high conc. This requires energy.
Water & minerals move up the stem in the xylem by the transpiration stream.
Sugar in the form of sucrose moves up and down the phloem in solution. This is translocation.
Water moves into the leaf by diffusion.
Water exits the leaf through the stomata in transpiration.
Higher temperatures and wind speed up transpiration.

67. Explain how plants obtain substances for growth (6)
Root hair cells have a large surface area.
Water moves into the roots by osmosis.
From a high conc to a low conc through a partially permeable membrane.
Minerals move into the roots by active transport.
From a low conc to a high conc. This requires energy.
Water & minerals move up the stem in the xylem by the transpiration stream.
Sugar in the form of sucrose moves up and down the phloem in solution. This is translocation.
Water moves into the leaf by diffusion.
Water exits the leaf through the stomata in transpiration.
Higher temperatures and wind speed up transpiration.

68. Explain how plants obtain substances for growth (6)
Root hair cells have a large surface area.
Water moves into the roots by osmosis.
From a high conc to a low conc through a partially permeable membrane.
Minerals move into the roots by active transport.
From a low conc to a high conc. This requires energy.
Water & minerals move up the stem in the xylem by the transpiration stream.
Sugar in the form of sucrose moves up and down the phloem in solution. This is translocation.
Water moves into the leaf by diffusion.
Water exits the leaf through the stomata in transpiration.
Higher temperatures and wind speed up transpiration.

69. Explain how plants obtain substances for growth (6)
Root hair cells have a large surface area.
Water moves into the roots by osmosis.
From a high conc to a low conc through a partially permeable membrane.
Minerals move into the roots by active transport.
From a low conc to a high conc. This requires energy.
Water & minerals move up the stem in the xylem by the transpiration stream.
Sugar in the form of sucrose moves up and down the phloem in solution. This is translocation.
Water moves into the leaf by diffusion.
Water exits the leaf through the stomata in transpiration.
Higher temperatures and wind speed up transpiration.

70. Explain how plants obtain substances for growth (6)
Root hair cells have a large surface area.
Water moves into the roots by osmosis.
From a high conc to a low conc through a partially permeable membrane.
Minerals move into the roots by active transport.
From a low conc to a high conc. This requires energy.
Water & minerals move up the stem in the xylem by the transpiration stream.
Sugar in the form of sucrose moves up and down the phloem in solution. This is translocation.
Water moves into the leaf by diffusion.
Water exits the leaf through the stomata in transpiration.
Higher temperatures and wind speed up transpiration.

71. Explain how plants obtain substances for growth (6)
Root hair cells have a large surface area.
Water moves into the roots by osmosis.
From a high conc to a low conc through a partially permeable membrane.
Minerals move into the roots by active transport.
From a low conc to a high conc. This requires energy.
Water & minerals move up the stem in the xylem by the transpiration stream.
Sugar in the form of sucrose moves up and down the phloem in solution. This is translocation.
Water moves into the leaf by diffusion.
Water exits the leaf through the stomata in transpiration.
Higher temperatures and wind speed up transpiration.

72. Explain how plants obtain substances for growth (6)
Root hair cells have a large surface area.
Water moves into the roots by osmosis.
From a high conc to a low conc through a partially permeable membrane.
Minerals move into the roots by active transport.
From a low conc to a high conc. This requires energy.
Water & minerals move up the stem in the xylem by the transpiration stream.
Sugar in the form of sucrose moves up and down the phloem in solution. This is translocation.
Water moves into the leaf by diffusion.
Water exits the leaf through the stomata in transpiration.
Higher temperatures and wind speed up transpiration.

73. Describe water movement through the plant (6)
Absorbed through root hair cells (1)
Osmosis (1)
From a high concentration to a low concentration (1).
Transported through xylem (1)
In one direction only (1)
Exits leaves through stomata (1)
By transpiration (1)
Evaporation (1)

74. Exercise = more muscle contractions that require more energy
Exercise = more muscle contractions that require more energy. How do the muscle cells make more energy?

75. EXERCISE More muscle contractions. More blood flow to muscles.
More oxygen and glucose to muscles.
More aerobic respiration.
More energy produced.
More CO2 produced.

76. What happens when a heart problem causes a lower cardiac output
What happens when a heart problem causes a lower cardiac output? Make sure you use the words more/less.

77. Less cardiac output = Less blood flow to muscle cells.
Less oxygen and glucose to muscle cells.
Less aerobic respiration.
Less energy produced.
Glucose is only partially broken down.
More anaerobic respiration.
More lactic acid produced.
Causes cramps and fatigue (not tiredness).

78. 1. Which part of the digestive system is pH 2?

79. 2. How does food move through the intestines?

80. 3. Where is bile made?

81. 4. Where are the digestive enzymes made?

82. 5. Where does water get reabsorbed?

83. 6. Where is digestion completed?

84. 7. What is the function of HCl?

85. 8. How do nutrients move into the blood?

86. Describe the locations and functions of the digestive enzymes (6)
Amylase / carbohydrase breaks down carbohydrates / starch (1)
Into sugar / glucose (1)
In the mouth / small intestine (1)
Protease / pepsin breaks down proteins (1)
Into amino acids (1)
In the stomach / small intestine (1)
Lipase breaks down fats / lipids (1)
Into fatty acids and glycerol (1)
In the small intestine (1)

87. Mitosis
Meiosis
Daughter cells produced?
Number of divisions
Genetic content?
Purpose?
Genetically identical or genetic variation?
Number of chromosomes?

88. Genetically identical
Mitosis
Meiosis
Daughter cells produced?
Number of divisions
Genetic content?
Purpose?
Genetically identical or genetic variation?
Number of chromosomes? 2 4 1 2
Diploid
Haploid
Growth & Repair
Production of gametes
Genetically identical
Genetic
variation
Full set
Half a set

89. Compare the two types of cell division (6)
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90. Splat! Mutation mRNA Protein Enzymes Ribosome Translation Amino acids
Transcription
Amino acids
Codon

91. Enzymes are made of… Mutation mRNA Protein Enzymes Ribosome
Translation
Transcription
Amino acids
Codon

92. This causes a change in the genetic code…
Mutation
mRNA
Protein
Enzymes
Ribosome
Translation
Transcription
Amino acids
Codon

93. This is the first stage of protein synthesis…
Mutation
mRNA
Protein
Enzymes
Ribosome
Translation
Transcription
Amino acids
Codon

94. This is produced in the first stage of protein synthesis…
Mutation
mRNA
Protein
Enzymes
Ribosome
Translation
Transcription
Amino acids
Codon

95. This has an active site…
Mutation
mRNA
Protein
Enzymes
Ribosome
Translation
Transcription
Amino acids
Codon

96. 3 bases makes one… Mutation mRNA Protein Enzymes Ribosome Translation
Transcription
Amino acids
Codon

97. In the stage, DNA is used as a template…
Mutation
mRNA
Protein
Enzymes
Ribosome
Translation
Transcription
Amino acids
Codon

98. The mRNA is read by the… Mutation mRNA Protein Enzymes Ribosome
Translation
Transcription
Amino acids
Codon

99. Codons match to tRNA that brings…to the ribosome.
Mutation
mRNA
Protein
Enzymes
Ribosome
Translation
Transcription
Amino acids
Codon

100. mRNA is read by a ribosome during this stage…
Mutation
mRNA
Protein
Enzymes
Ribosome
Translation
Transcription
Amino acids
Codon

101. If the sequence of amino acids is wrong then the shape of the… will be wrong.
Mutation
mRNA
Protein
Enzymes
Ribosome
Translation
Transcription
Amino acids
Codon

102. Enzymes are…
Transcription forms a strand of…
A mutation in the DNA would…
The mRNA leaves the…
And joins to a…
The mRNA is read 3 bases at a time; this is a…
This stage is…
The codon matches tRNA that brings…
A chain of… form.
If the codons are wrong then…
A different…

103. Explain how a change in the DNA results in an inactive enzyme being produced during protein synthesis. (6)
10/11/2018

104. Enzymes are proteins.
Transcription forms a strand of mRNA.
A mutation in the DNA would result in a different mRNA strand.
The mRNA leaves the nucleus.
And joins to a ribosome.
The mRNA is read 3 bases at a time; this is a codon.
This stage is translation.
The codon matches tRNA that brings the amino acid.
A chain of amino acids form.
If the codons are wrong then the amino acid sequence will be wrong.
A different protein will be formed.

105. Enzymes are proteins.
Transcription forms a strand of mRNA.
A mutation in the DNA would result in a different mRNA strand.
The mRNA leaves the nucleus.
And joins to a ribosome.
The mRNA is read 3 bases at a time; this is a codon.
This stage is translation.
The codon matches tRNA that brings the amino acid.
A chain of amino acids form.
If the codons are wrong then the amino acid sequence will be wrong.
A different protein will be formed.

106. Enzymes are proteins.
Transcription forms a strand of mRNA.
A mutation in the DNA would result in a different mRNA strand.
The mRNA leaves the nucleus.
And joins to a ribosome.
The mRNA is read 3 bases at a time; this is a codon.
This stage is translation.
The codon matches tRNA that brings the amino acid.
A chain of amino acids form.
If the codons are wrong then the amino acid sequence will be wrong.
A different protein will be formed.

107. Enzymes are proteins.
Transcription forms a strand of mRNA.
A mutation in the DNA would result in a different mRNA strand.
The mRNA leaves the nucleus.
And joins to a ribosome.
The mRNA is read 3 bases at a time; this is a codon.
This stage is translation.
The codon matches tRNA that brings the amino acid.
A chain of amino acids form.
If the codons are wrong then the amino acid sequence will be wrong.
A different protein will be formed.

108. Enzymes are proteins.
Transcription forms a strand of mRNA.
A mutation in the DNA would result in a different mRNA strand.
The mRNA leaves the nucleus.
And joins to a ribosome.
The mRNA is read 3 bases at a time; this is a codon.
This stage is translation.
The codon matches tRNA that brings the amino acid.
A chain of amino acids form.
If the codons are wrong then the amino acid sequence will be wrong.
A different protein will be formed.

109. Enzymes are proteins.
Transcription forms a strand of mRNA.
A mutation in the DNA would result in a different mRNA strand.
The mRNA leaves the nucleus.
And joins to a ribosome.
The mRNA is read 3 bases at a time; this is a codon.
This stage is translation.
The codon matches tRNA that brings the amino acid.
A chain of amino acids form.
If the codons are wrong then the amino acid sequence will be wrong.
A different protein will be formed.

110. Enzymes are proteins.
Transcription forms a strand of mRNA.
A mutation in the DNA would result in a different mRNA strand.
The mRNA leaves the nucleus.
And joins to a ribosome.
The mRNA is read 3 bases at a time; this is a codon.
This stage is translation.
The codon matches tRNA that brings the amino acid.
A chain of amino acids form.
If the codons are wrong then the amino acid sequence will be wrong.
A different protein will be formed.

111. Enzymes are proteins.
Transcription forms a strand of mRNA.
A mutation in the DNA would result in a different mRNA strand.
The mRNA leaves the nucleus.
And joins to a ribosome.
The mRNA is read 3 bases at a time; this is a codon.
This stage is translation.
The codon matches tRNA that brings the amino acid.
A chain of amino acids form.
If the codons are wrong then the amino acid sequence will be wrong.
A different protein will be formed.

112. Enzymes are proteins.
Transcription forms a strand of mRNA.
A mutation in the DNA would result in a different mRNA strand.
The mRNA leaves the nucleus.
And joins to a ribosome.
The mRNA is read 3 bases at a time; this is a codon.
This stage is translation.
The codon matches tRNA that brings the amino acid.
A chain of amino acids form.
If the codons are wrong then the amino acid sequence will be wrong.
A different protein will be formed.

113. Enzymes are proteins.
Transcription forms a strand of mRNA.
A mutation in the DNA would result in a different mRNA strand.
The mRNA leaves the nucleus.
And joins to a ribosome.
The mRNA is read 3 bases at a time; this is a codon.
This stage is translation.
The codon matches tRNA that brings the amino acid.
A chain of amino acids form.
If the codons are wrong then the amino acid sequence will be wrong.
A different protein will be formed.

114. Enzymes are proteins.
Transcription forms a strand of mRNA.
A mutation in the DNA would result in a different mRNA strand.
The mRNA leaves the nucleus.
And joins to a ribosome.
The mRNA is read 3 bases at a time; this is a codon.
This stage is translation.
The codon matches tRNA that brings the amino acid.
A chain of amino acids form.
If the codons are wrong then the amino acid sequence will be wrong.
A different protein will be formed.

115. Splat! Vitamin A Herbicide resistant Insulin Cross pollination
Competition
Biodiversity
Super weeds
Eyesight problems
Expensive

116. GM crops reduce… Vitamin A Herbicide resistant Insulin
Cross pollination
Competition
Biodiversity
Super weeds
Eyesight problems
Expensive

117. Golden rice contains a gene for…
Vitamin A
Herbicide resistant
Insulin
Cross pollination
Competition
Biodiversity
Super weeds
Eyesight problems
Expensive

118. Vitamin A reduces… Vitamin A Herbicide resistant Insulin
Cross pollination
Competition
Biodiversity
Super weeds
Eyesight problems
Expensive

119. Plants can be genetically engineered to be…
Vitamin A
Herbicide resistant
Insulin
Cross pollination
Competition
Biodiversity
Super weeds
Eyesight problems
Expensive

120. Bacteria can be genetically engineered to produce…
Vitamin A
Herbicide resistant
Insulin
Cross pollination
Competition
Biodiversity
Super weeds
Eyesight problems
Expensive

121. Famers cannot afford GM seeds because they are…
Vitamin A
Herbicide resistant
Insulin
Cross pollination
Competition
Biodiversity
Super weeds
Eyesight problems
Expensive

122. If both weeds and crops are herbicide resistant then there is more…
Vitamin A
Herbicide resistant
Insulin
Cross pollination
Competition
Biodiversity
Super weeds
Eyesight problems
Expensive

123. Genes can pass between crops and weeds by…
Vitamin A
Herbicide resistant
Insulin
Cross pollination
Competition
Biodiversity
Super weeds
Eyesight problems
Expensive

124. Weeds that become herbicide resistant would become…
Vitamin A
Herbicide resistant
Insulin
Cross pollination
Competition
Biodiversity
Super weeds
Eyesight problems
Expensive

125. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of GM organisms. (6)
10/11/2018

126. Golden rice contains a gene for…
This reduces…
Plants can be engineered to be…
Bacteria can be genetically engineered to produce…
Genes could pass from crops to weeds by…
This would create…
And would increase…
GM crops reduce…
Farmers cannot afford to buy GM seeds because…

128. Describe the stages used in the laboratory to clone and produce Tegon from the genetically engineered cell. (6)
10/11/2018

129. Obtain a body cell and remove the nucleus.
Obtain an egg cell and enucleate it.
Insert the nucleus from the body cell into the egg cell.
Give the cell an electric shock.
Stimulates cell division.
By mitosis.
Put embryo into surrogate mother.
Animal is born.

130. Obtain a body cell and remove the nucleus.
Obtain an egg cell and enucleate it.
Insert the nucleus from the body cell into the egg cell.
Give the cell an electric shock.
Stimulates cell division.
By mitosis.
Put embryo into surrogate mother.
Animal is born.

131. Obtain a body cell and remove the nucleus.
Obtain an egg cell and enucleate it.
Insert the nucleus from the body cell into the egg cell.
Give the cell an electric shock.
Stimulates cell division.
By mitosis.
Put embryo into surrogate mother.
Animal is born.

132. Obtain a body cell and remove the nucleus.
Obtain an egg cell and enucleate it.
Insert the nucleus from the body cell into the egg cell.
Give the cell an electric shock.
Stimulates cell division.
By mitosis.
Put embryo into surrogate mother.
Animal is born.

133. Obtain a body cell and remove the nucleus.
Obtain an egg cell and enucleate it.
Insert the nucleus from the body cell into the egg cell.
Give the cell an electric shock.
Stimulates cell division.
By mitosis.
Put embryo into surrogate mother.
Animal is born.

134. Obtain a body cell and remove the nucleus.
Obtain an egg cell and enucleate it.
Insert the nucleus from the body cell into the egg cell.
Give the cell an electric shock.
Stimulates cell division.
By mitosis.
Put embryo into surrogate mother.
Animal is born.

135. Obtain a body cell and remove the nucleus.
Obtain an egg cell and enucleate it.
Insert the nucleus from the body cell into the egg cell.
Give the cell an electric shock.
Stimulates cell division.
By mitosis.
Put embryo into surrogate mother.
Animal is born.

136. Obtain a body cell and remove the nucleus.
Obtain an egg cell and enucleate it.
Insert the nucleus from the body cell into the egg cell.
Give the cell an electric shock.
Stimulates cell division.
By mitosis.
Put embryo into surrogate mother.
Animal is born.

137. Obtain a body cell and remove the nucleus.
Obtain an egg cell and enucleate it.
Insert the nucleus from the body cell into the egg cell.
Give the cell an electric shock.
Stimulates cell division.
By mitosis.
Put embryo into surrogate mother.
Animal is born.

138. Obtain a body cell and remove the nucleus.
Obtain an egg cell and enucleate it.
Insert the nucleus from the body cell into the egg cell.
Give the cell an electric shock.
Stimulates cell division.
By mitosis.
Put embryo into surrogate mother.
Animal is born.

139. Obtain a body cell and remove the nucleus.
Obtain an egg cell and enucleate it.
Insert the nucleus from the body cell into the egg cell.
Give the cell an electric shock.
Stimulates cell division.
By mitosis.
Put embryo into surrogate mother.
Animal is born.

140. Quick quiz
10/11/2018

141. What is the substrate for amylase?
DNA
Fat C
Protein
Starch

142. What is the substrate for lipase?C
DNA
Fat
Protein
Starch

143. Pepsin is an enzyme that digests protein into…?C
Amino acids
Fatty acids
Glucose
Glycerol

144. What is the optimum pH for pepsin?C 1 3 5 9

145. Which pH does neither pepsin or trypsin work at?1 3 C 5 9

146. Where in the body would you find pepsin?C
Salivary glands
Stomach
Small intestine
Liver

147. Starch is broken down by which enzyme?
Amylase
Protease
Lipase
Restriction

148. Protein is broken down by which enzyme?
Amylase
Protease
Lipase
Restriction

149. Fats are broken down by which enzyme?
Amylase
Protease C
Lipase
Restriction

150. Where would you find all 3 digestive enzymes?
Salivary glands
Stomach C
Small Intestine
Liver

151. What are fats broken down into?
Fatty acids
Glycerol C
Fatty acids & glycerol
Amino acids

152. Which organ produces the digestive enzymes?
Salivary glands
Liver C
Gall Bladder
Pancreas

153. Which digestive enzyme is this?
Amylase
Protease
Lipase
Restriction

154. The digestive enzymes are made in the…
Lipase
Fats need to be emulsified before lipase can work.
Bile turns large fat droplets into smaller ones with a larger surface area. Lipase can then break them down into fatty acids & glycerol
Amylase
Protease
Type of carbohydrase.
Breaks down starch into glucose.
Breaks down proteins into amino acids.
Optimum pH – 2
Provided by HCl
10/11/2018

155. The digestive enzymes are made… Amylase is a type of…
Describe the action of carbohydrase, protease and lipase in different parts of the digestive system. (6)
The digestive enzymes are made…
Amylase is a type of…
Amylase is found in…
Amylase breaks down...into…
Protease is found in..
Protease breaks down…
The HCl in the stomach…
Lipase is found in…
Bile must…
Lipase breaks down fats into…

156. Describe the action of carbohydrase, protease and lipase in different parts of the digestive system. (6)
The digestive enzymes are made in the pancreas.
Amylase is a type of carbohydrase enzyme.
Amylase is found in the salivary glands and small intestine.
Amylase breaks down starch into glucose.
Protease is found in the stomach.
Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.
The HCl in the stomach provides the optimum pH – 2 - for protease.
Lipase is found in the small intestine.
Bile must emulsify fats before they can be broken down.
Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids & glycerol.

157. Describe the action of carbohydrase, protease and lipase in different parts of the digestive system. (6)
The digestive enzymes are made in the pancreas.
Amylase is a type of carbohydrase enzyme.
Amylase is found in the salivary glands and small intestine.
Amylase breaks down starch into glucose.
Protease is found in the stomach.
Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.
The HCl in the stomach provides the optimum pH – 2 - for protease.
Lipase is found in the small intestine.
Bile must emulsify fats before they can be broken down.
Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids & glycerol.

158. Describe the action of carbohydrase, protease and lipase in different parts of the digestive system. (6)
The digestive enzymes are made in the pancreas.
Amylase is a type of carbohydrase enzyme.
Amylase is found in the salivary glands and small intestine.
Amylase breaks down starch into glucose.
Protease is found in the stomach.
Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.
The HCl in the stomach provides the optimum pH – 2 - for protease.
Lipase is found in the small intestine.
Bile must emulsify fats before they can be broken down.
Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids & glycerol.

159. Describe the action of carbohydrase, protease and lipase in different parts of the digestive system. (6)
The digestive enzymes are made in the pancreas.
Amylase is a type of carbohydrase enzyme.
Amylase is found in the salivary glands and small intestine.
Amylase breaks down starch into glucose.
Protease is found in the stomach.
Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.
The HCl in the stomach provides the optimum pH – 2 - for protease.
Lipase is found in the small intestine.
Bile must emulsify fats before they can be broken down.
Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids & glycerol.

160. Describe the action of carbohydrase, protease and lipase in different parts of the digestive system. (6)
The digestive enzymes are made in the pancreas.
Amylase is a type of carbohydrase enzyme.
Amylase is found in the salivary glands and small intestine.
Amylase breaks down starch into glucose.
Protease is found in the stomach.
Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.
The HCl in the stomach provides the optimum pH – 2 - for protease.
Lipase is found in the small intestine.
Bile must emulsify fats before they can be broken down.
Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids & glycerol.

161. Describe the action of carbohydrase, protease and lipase in different parts of the digestive system. (6)
The digestive enzymes are made in the pancreas.
Amylase is a type of carbohydrase enzyme.
Amylase is found in the salivary glands and small intestine.
Amylase breaks down starch into glucose.
Protease is found in the stomach.
Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.
The HCl in the stomach provides the optimum pH – 2 - for protease.
Lipase is found in the small intestine.
Bile must emulsify fats before they can be broken down.
Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids & glycerol.

162. Describe the action of carbohydrase, protease and lipase in different parts of the digestive system. (6)
The digestive enzymes are made in the pancreas.
Amylase is a type of carbohydrase enzyme.
Amylase is found in the salivary glands and small intestine.
Amylase breaks down starch into glucose.
Protease is found in the stomach.
Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.
The HCl in the stomach provides the optimum pH – 2 - for protease.
Lipase is found in the small intestine.
Bile must emulsify fats before they can be broken down.
Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids & glycerol.

163. Describe the action of carbohydrase, protease and lipase in different parts of the digestive system. (6)
The digestive enzymes are made in the pancreas.
Amylase is a type of carbohydrase enzyme.
Amylase is found in the salivary glands and small intestine.
Amylase breaks down starch into glucose.
Protease is found in the stomach.
Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.
The HCl in the stomach provides the optimum pH – 2 - for protease.
Lipase is found in the small intestine.
Bile must emulsify fats before they can be broken down.
Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids & glycerol.

164. Describe the action of carbohydrase, protease and lipase in different parts of the digestive system. (6)
The digestive enzymes are made in the pancreas.
Amylase is a type of carbohydrase enzyme.
Amylase is found in the salivary glands and small intestine.
Amylase breaks down starch into glucose.
Protease is found in the stomach.
Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.
The HCl in the stomach provides the optimum pH – 2 - for protease.
Lipase is found in the small intestine.
Bile must emulsify fats before they can be broken down.
Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids & glycerol.

165. Describe the action of carbohydrase, protease and lipase in different parts of the digestive system. (6)
The digestive enzymes are made in the pancreas.
Amylase is a type of carbohydrase enzyme.
Amylase is found in the salivary glands and small intestine.
Amylase breaks down starch into glucose.
Protease is found in the stomach.
Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.
The HCl in the stomach provides the optimum pH – 2 - for protease.
Lipase is found in the small intestine.
Bile must emulsify fats before they can be broken down.
Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids & glycerol.

166. Describe the action of carbohydrase, protease and lipase in different parts of the digestive system. (6)
The digestive enzymes are made in the pancreas.
Amylase is a type of carbohydrase enzyme.
Amylase is found in the salivary glands and small intestine.
Amylase breaks down starch into glucose.
Protease is found in the stomach.
Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.
The HCl in the stomach provides the optimum pH – 2 - for protease.
Lipase is found in the small intestine.
Bile must emulsify fats before they can be broken down.
Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids & glycerol.

167. Describe the action of carbohydrase, protease and lipase in different parts of the digestive system. (6)
The digestive enzymes are made in the pancreas.
Amylase is a type of carbohydrase enzyme.
Amylase is found in the salivary glands and small intestine.
Amylase breaks down starch into glucose.
Protease is found in the stomach.
Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.
The HCl in the stomach provides the optimum pH – 2 - for protease.
Lipase is found in the small intestine.
Bile must emulsify fats before they can be broken down.
Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids & glycerol.

168. Describe the action of carbohydrase, protease and lipase in different parts of the digestive system. (6)
The digestive enzymes are made in the pancreas.
Amylase is a type of carbohydrase enzyme.
Amylase is found in the salivary glands and small intestine.
Amylase breaks down starch into glucose.
Protease is found in the stomach.
Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.
The HCl in the stomach provides the optimum pH – 2 - for protease.
Lipase is found in the small intestine.
Bile must emulsify fats before they can be broken down.
Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids & glycerol.

169. Describe the action of carbohydrase, protease and lipase in different parts of the digestive system. (6)
The digestive enzymes are made in the pancreas.
Amylase is a type of carbohydrase enzyme.
Amylase is found in the salivary glands and small intestine.
Amylase breaks down starch into glucose.
Protease is found in the stomach.
Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.
The HCl in the stomach provides the optimum pH – 2 - for protease.
Lipase is found in the small intestine.
Bile must emulsify fats before they can be broken down.
Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids & glycerol.

170. Describe the action of carbohydrase, protease and lipase in different parts of the digestive system. (6)
The digestive enzymes are made in the pancreas.
Amylase is a type of carbohydrase enzyme.
Amylase is found in the salivary glands and small intestine.
Amylase breaks down starch into glucose.
Protease is found in the stomach.
Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.
The HCl in the stomach provides the optimum pH – 2 - for protease.
Lipase is found in the small intestine.
Bile must emulsify fats before they can be broken down.
Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids & glycerol.

171. The whole answer must be memorised!
10/11/2018

172. The digestive enzymes are made… Amylase is a type of…
Describe the action of carbohydrase, protease and lipase in different parts of the digestive system. (6)
The digestive enzymes are made…
Amylase is a type of…
Amylase is found in…
Amylase breaks down...into…
Protease is found in..
Protease breaks down…
The HCl in the stomach…
Lipase is found in…
Bile must…
Lipase breaks down fats into…

173. Challenge: What does the graph show?
Enzymes
What is an enzyme?
An enzyme is a…that….
Challenge: What does the graph show?
10/11/2018

174. Make bonds or break bonds
Splat!
Active Site
Substrate
Lock and key
Amino acids
Kinetic energy
Collisions
Specific
Denatured
Make bonds or break bonds
10/11/2018

175. Make bonds or break bonds
1. This word describes when the shape of the enzyme matches the shape of the substrate…
Active Site
Substrate
Lock and key
Amino acids
Kinetic energy
Collisions
Specific
Denatured
Make bonds or break bonds
10/11/2018

176. 2. This is where the substrate joins to the enzyme…
Active Site
Substrate
Lock and key
Amino acids
Kinetic energy
Collisions
Specific
Denatured
Make bonds or break bonds
10/11/2018

177. 3. This is what enzymes do to the substrates…
Active Site
Substrate
Lock and key
Amino acids
Kinetic energy
Collisions
Specific
Denatured
Make bonds or break bonds
10/11/2018

178. Make bonds or break bonds
4. The shape of the enzyme is complimentary to the shape of the substrate. This hypothesis is called…
Active Site
Substrate
Lock and key
Amino acids
Kinetic energy
Collisions
Specific
Denatured
Make bonds or break bonds
10/11/2018

179. 5. This increases as temperature increases…
Active Site
Substrate
Lock and key
Amino acids
Kinetic energy
Collisions
Specific
Denatured
Make bonds or break bonds
10/11/2018

180. 6. This changes shape at extremes of pH.
Active Site
Substrate
Lock and key
Amino acids
Kinetic energy
Collisions
Specific
Denatured
Make bonds or break bonds
10/11/2018

181. 7. This decreases in cold temperatures…
Active Site
Substrate
Lock and key
Amino acids
Kinetic energy
Collisions
Specific
Denatured
Make bonds or break bonds
10/11/2018

182. 8. The order of these changes the shape of the active site…
Substrate
Lock and key
Amino acids
Kinetic energy
Collisions
Specific
Denatured
Make bonds or break bonds
10/11/2018

183. 9. This is what is used in the reaction…
Active Site
Substrate
Lock and key
Amino acids
Kinetic energy
Collisions
Specific
Denatured
Make bonds or break bonds
10/11/2018

184. 10. These increase as the kinetic energy increases…
Active Site
Substrate
Lock and key
Amino acids
Kinetic energy
Collisions
Specific
Denatured
Make bonds or break bonds
10/11/2018

185. 11. This happens to enzymes at very hot temperatures…
Active Site
Substrate
Lock and key
Amino acids
Kinetic energy
Collisions
Specific
Denatured
Make bonds or break bonds
10/11/2018

186. 12. These are joined together during protein synthesis…
Active Site
Substrate
Lock and key
Amino acids
Kinetic energy
Collisions
Specific
Denatured
Make bonds or break bonds
10/11/2018

187. Make bonds or break bonds
13. This is when the active site changes shape and can no longer bind with the substrate…
Active Site
Substrate
Lock and key
Amino acids
Kinetic energy
Collisions
Specific
Denatured
Make bonds or break bonds
10/11/2018

188. pH There is no increasing/decreasing trend
pH There is no increasing/decreasing trend. Just look for optimum, slow and denatured.
10/11/2018

189. The differences in the reactions is due to… The optimum pH is… I can tell because… At the optimum pH… The pH that causes a slow reaction is… I can tell because… The pH that denatures the enzyme is… I can tell because… When an enzyme is denatured….
10/11/2018

190. Describe The optimum…is… The enzyme is denatured at…
The trick: does the graph show, pH, temperature or substrate concentration?
Describe
The optimum…is… The enzyme is denatured at…
10/11/2018

191. Describe The optimum…is… The enzyme is denatured at…
The trick: does the graph show, pH, temperature or substrate concentration?
Describe
The optimum…is… The enzyme is denatured at…
10/11/2018

192. The optimum…for arginase is… The enzyme is denature at…
The trick: does the graph show, pH, temperature or substrate concentration?
Describe
The optimum…for arginase is… The enzyme is denature at…
10/11/2018

193. The trick: does the graph show, pH, temperature or substrate concentration?
Describe
The optimum…for pepsin is… You would find pepsin…it is a type of protease enzyme. It breaks down…. The…is pH2 because…
10/11/2018

194. The trick: does the graph show, pH, temperature or substrate concentration?
Describe
The optimum…for amylase is… You would find amylase…. It breaks down….
10/11/2018

195. Extremophiles live in extreme environments like hydrothermal vents.
Apply
Extremophiles live in extreme environments like hydrothermal vents.
Use the graph to suggest why the bacteria can live in the hydrothermal vents.
10/11/2018

196. Describe the effect of temperature of the volume of juice produced between 10ᵒC and 40ᵒC. (2)
10/11/2018

197. Use the lock and key hypothesis to help you explain the activity of pectinase in juice production between 10ᵒC and 70ᵒC. (6)
10/11/2018

198. Use the lock and key hypothesis to help you explain the activity of pectinase in juice production between 10ᵒC and 70ᵒC. (6)
Enzymes are…one substrate has a … to the enzyme’s …
This is the…hypothesis.
As the temperature increases the enzyme activity…
Enzymes gain more...so there are more…with substrates.
The substrate binds to…
At the optimum temperature the most…
The rate of reaction is.. and most products…
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity…
The enzyme becomes…
The shape of the active site…

199. This is the lock and key hypothesis.
Use the lock and key hypothesis to help you explain the activity of pectinase in juice production between 10ᵒC and 70ᵒC. (6)
Enzymes are specific; one substrate has a complimentary shape to the enzyme’s active site.
This is the lock and key hypothesis.
As the temperature increases the enzyme activity increases.
Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
The substrate binds to the active site.
At the optimum temperature the most enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity decreases.
The enzyme becomes denatured.
The shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind.

200. This is the lock and key hypothesis.
Use the lock and key hypothesis to help you explain the activity of pectinase in juice production between 10ᵒC and 70ᵒC. (6)
Enzymes are specific; one substrate has a complimentary shape to the enzyme’s active site.
This is the lock and key hypothesis.
As the temperature increases the enzyme activity increases.
Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
The substrate binds to the active site.
At the optimum temperature the most enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity decreases.
The enzyme becomes denatured.
The shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind.

201. This is the lock and key hypothesis.
Use the lock and key hypothesis to help you explain the activity of pectinase in juice production between 10ᵒC and 70ᵒC. (6)
Enzymes are specific; one substrate has a complimentary shape to the enzyme’s active site.
This is the lock and key hypothesis.
As the temperature increases the enzyme activity increases.
Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
The substrate binds to the active site.
At the optimum temperature the most enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity decreases.
The enzyme becomes denatured.
The shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind.

202. This is the lock and key hypothesis.
Use the lock and key hypothesis to help you explain the activity of pectinase in juice production between 10ᵒC and 70ᵒC. (6)
Enzymes are specific; one substrate has a complimentary shape to the enzyme’s active site.
This is the lock and key hypothesis.
As the temperature increases the enzyme activity increases.
Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
The substrate binds to the active site.
At the optimum temperature the most enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity decreases.
The enzyme becomes denatured.
The shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind.

203. This is the lock and key hypothesis.
Use the lock and key hypothesis to help you explain the activity of pectinase in juice production between 10ᵒC and 70ᵒC. (6)
Enzymes are specific; one substrate has a complimentary shape to the enzyme’s active site.
This is the lock and key hypothesis.
As the temperature increases the enzyme activity increases.
Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
The substrate binds to the active site.
At the optimum temperature the most enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity decreases.
The enzyme becomes denatured.
The shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind.

204. This is the lock and key hypothesis.
Use the lock and key hypothesis to help you explain the activity of pectinase in juice production between 10ᵒC and 70ᵒC. (6)
Enzymes are specific; one substrate has a complimentary shape to the enzyme’s active site.
This is the lock and key hypothesis.
As the temperature increases the enzyme activity increases.
Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
The substrate binds to the active site.
At the optimum temperature the most enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity decreases.
The enzyme becomes denatured.
The shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind.

205. This is the lock and key hypothesis.
Use the lock and key hypothesis to help you explain the activity of pectinase in juice production between 10ᵒC and 70ᵒC. (6)
Enzymes are specific; one substrate has a complimentary shape to the enzyme’s active site.
This is the lock and key hypothesis.
As the temperature increases the enzyme activity increases.
Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
The substrate binds to the active site.
At the optimum temperature the most enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity decreases.
The enzyme becomes denatured.
The shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind.

206. This is the lock and key hypothesis.
Use the lock and key hypothesis to help you explain the activity of pectinase in juice production between 10ᵒC and 70ᵒC. (6)
Enzymes are specific; one substrate has a complimentary shape to the enzyme’s active site.
This is the lock and key hypothesis.
As the temperature increases the enzyme activity increases.
Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
The substrate binds to the active site.
At the optimum temperature the most enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity decreases.
The enzyme becomes denatured.
The shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind.

207. This is the lock and key hypothesis.
Use the lock and key hypothesis to help you explain the activity of pectinase in juice production between 10ᵒC and 70ᵒC. (6)
Enzymes are specific; one substrate has a complimentary shape to the enzyme’s active site.
This is the lock and key hypothesis.
As the temperature increases the enzyme activity increases.
Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
The substrate binds to the active site.
At the optimum temperature the most enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity decreases.
The enzyme becomes denatured.
The shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind.

208. This is the lock and key hypothesis.
Use the lock and key hypothesis to help you explain the activity of pectinase in juice production between 10ᵒC and 70ᵒC. (6)
Enzymes are specific; one substrate has a complimentary shape to the enzyme’s active site.
This is the lock and key hypothesis.
As the temperature increases the enzyme activity increases.
Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
The substrate binds to the active site.
At the optimum temperature the most enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity decreases.
The enzyme becomes denatured.
The shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind.

209. This is the lock and key hypothesis.
Use the lock and key hypothesis to help you explain the activity of pectinase in juice production between 10ᵒC and 70ᵒC. (6)
Enzymes are specific; one substrate has a complimentary shape to the enzyme’s active site.
This is the lock and key hypothesis.
As the temperature increases the enzyme activity increases.
Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
The substrate binds to the active site.
At the optimum temperature the most enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity decreases.
The enzyme becomes denatured.
The shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind.

210. This is the lock and key hypothesis.
Use the lock and key hypothesis to help you explain the activity of pectinase in juice production between 10ᵒC and 70ᵒC. (6)
Enzymes are specific; one substrate has a complimentary shape to the enzyme’s active site.
This is the lock and key hypothesis.
As the temperature increases the enzyme activity increases.
Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
The substrate binds to the active site.
At the optimum temperature the most enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity decreases.
The enzyme becomes denatured.
The shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind.

211. Spot the mistake!
As the temperature increases the enzyme activity increases.
Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
Enzymes are specific, the enzyme and substrate have complimentary shapes.
This is the lock and key hypothesis.
The substrate binds to the active site.
At the optimum temperature the most enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity decreases.
The enzyme becomes denatured.
The shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind.

212. Spot the mistake!
As the temperature increases the enzyme activity increases.
Enzymes gain less kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
Enzymes are specific, the enzyme and substrate have complimentary shapes.
This is the lock and key hypothesis.
The substrate binds to the active site.
At the optimum temperature the most enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity decreases.
The enzyme becomes denatured.
The shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind.

213. Spot the mistake!
As the temperature increases the enzyme activity increases.
Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
Enzymes are specific, the enzyme and substrate have complimentary shapes.
This is the lock and key hypothesis.
The substrate binds to the active site.
At the optimum temperature the most enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction is fastest and most substrates are formed.
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity decreases.
The enzyme becomes denatured.
The shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind.

214. Spot the mistake!
As the temperature increases the enzyme activity increases.
Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
Enzymes are specific, the enzyme and substrate have complimentary shapes.
This is the lock and key hypothesis.
The substrate binds to the active site.
At the optimum temperature the most enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity decreases.
The enzyme becomes dead.
The shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind.

215. Spot the mistake!
As the temperature increases the enzyme activity increases.
Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
Enzymes are specific, the enzyme and substrate have complimentary shapes.
This is the lock and key hypothesis.
The substrate binds to the active site.
At the optimum temperature the most enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity decreases.
The enzyme becomes denatured.
The shape of the product site changes so the substrate can no longer bind.

216. Spot the mistake!
As the temperature increases the product activity increases.
Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
Enzymes are specific, the enzyme and substrate have complimentary shapes.
This is the lock and key hypothesis.
The substrate binds to the active site.
At the optimum temperature the most enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity decreases.
The enzyme becomes denatured.
The shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind.

217. Spot the mistake!
As the temperature increases the enzyme activity increases.
Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
Products are specific, the enzyme and substrate have complimentary shapes.
This is the lock and key hypothesis.
The substrate binds to the active site.
At the optimum temperature the most enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity decreases.
The enzyme becomes denatured.
The shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind.

218. What comes next?
As the temperature increases the enzyme activity increases.
Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
Enzymes are specific, the enzyme and substrate have complimentary shapes.
This is the lock and key hypothesis.
The substrate binds to the active site.
At the optimum temperature the most enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity decreases.
The enzyme becomes denatured.
The shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind.

219. What comes next?
As the temperature increases the enzyme activity increases.
Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.

220. This is the lock and key hypothesis.
What comes next?
Enzymes are specific, the enzyme and substrate have complimentary shapes.
This is the lock and key hypothesis.

221. The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.
What comes next?
At the optimum temperature the most enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.

222. The enzyme becomes denatured.
What comes next?
The enzyme becomes denatured.
The shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind.

223. Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
What comes next?
Enzymes gain more kinetic energy so there are more collisions.
Enzymes are specific, the enzyme and substrate have complimentary shapes.

224. What comes next?
The rate of reaction is fastest and most products are formed.
After the optimum temperature enzyme activity decreases.