1. Rocks, Minerals and Soil

2. Rocks

3. What are rocks?
Rocks are solid materials that are made of one or more minerals.

4. 3 Types of rocks
Sedimentary
Igneous
Metamorphic

5. Metamorphic Rock
Metamorphic rock is rocks that have been changed by heat and pressure.

6. Metamorphic Rocks

7. Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary rocks form when materials settle into layers and harden.
Any rock can become sedimentary if at the surface.

8. Igneous Rock
Igneous rock is a rock that was once melted but has cooled and hardened.
Hot lava comes out from within the earth and is an igneous rock once cooled.

9. 4 ways to identify rocks
Texture
Color
Size
Hardness

10. Minerals

11. What are minerals?
Minerals are solid natural made objects that have never been alive. Minerals can be rock-like or metals.

12. How are rocks and minerals different?
Rocks are made up of minerals. Minerals are within all rocks. The minerals in rocks are what makes rocks look different from other rocks.

13. Rocks and Mineral Minerals Rocks Usually very pretty Not pretty
Has a shape
No shape
May contain crystals
No crystals
Will not contain fossils
May contain fossils
Color is mostly the same
May have many colors

14. Identify the Minerals
Time to Play a Game…. How many minerals can you find in the kitchen? (click on refrigerator)

15. Soil

16. Types of Soil
Clay
Sandy soil
Potting soil
Loam

17. Clay
Clay is smooth when dry and sticky when wet. Soils high in clay content are called heavy soils. Clay also can hold a lot of nutrients, but doesn't let air and water through it well.

18. Sandy Soil
When you rub sand, it feels rough. This is because it has sharp edges. Sand doesn't hold many nutrients.

19. Loam
Loam is a mixture of different types of soils. Loam soils feel smooth and spongy when rolled into a ball.

20. Potting Soil
Potting soil is soil mixture made for use in gardens and potted plants. Potting soil should be loose and light.