1. Next Steps: Analyzing Energy Costs and Performance Benchmarking
UCD Training
March 1, 2018

2. Background – Changes to UCD Reporting
Electricity and Natural Gas Intensity Columns
previously, boards had to calculate these values
at the end of 2017, these columns were incorporated into the following existing reports
Board Portfolio
Asset List Tab
Overview of Boards’ Energy Use
Energy Intensity Trend Tab
Energy Intensity Comparison
Energy Intensity Trend

3. Energy Cost Analysis

4. Energy Cost Analysis Purpose
to assess the energy costs on a building-by-building basis and to identify those with:
the highest Total Cost by Area
a high Electricity Cost by Area
a high Natural Gas Cost by Area

5. Energy Cost Analysis High Total Cost By Area Buildings
are your most expensive
should be prioritized for energy efficient investment to reduce costs
Notes
boards should look at the balance between their electricity and natural gas costs/intensities
what are the risks associated with your current balance?
a balanced portfolio considers:
the impact of price fluctuations on each commodity
the historical context of the current price of a commodity

6. Energy Cost Analysis
High Electricity/Natural Gas Cost by Area Facilities
identify opportunities to reduce electricity/natural gas consumption at these facilities
prioritize investment in energy efficient equipment and review operational protocols that will reduce electricity consumption
identify demand management strategies that can lower electricity costs
Notes
buildings that are heated with electricity will always have higher electricity cost intensity
buildings with portables/portapaks will have a significantly higher electricity cost intensity

7. Energy Cost Analysis Required Information
BOARD LEVEL
Source: UCD
Board Profile (raw data) – applicable fiscal year
Energy Profile tab
total electricity consumption
total natural gas consumption
if applicable, each alternative utility consumption (including water)
Source: Energy Budget Workbook – applicable fiscal year
electricity costs
natural gas costs
if applicable, each alternative utility cost (including water)

8. Energy Cost Analysis Case Study
UCD Board Profile (raw data)
Notes
select your unit preferences before generating the report
for the case study the following preferences were used
natural gas consumption: m3
natural gas intensity: ekWh/ft2
area: ft2
energy intensity: ekWh/ft2
only electricity and natural gas are demonstrated in the case study
if alternative fuels are included in your energy profile
they should be taken into consideration in your analysis
select corresponding unit of preference
m3 … ft2 … etc.

9. Energy Cost Analysis Methodology
Energy Budget Workbook
Electricity Tab
calculate the average cost of electricity by unit of consumption
$/kWh
Natural Gas Tab (m3 or GJ)
calculate the average cost of natural gas by unit of consumption
$/m3
$/GJ

10. Energy Cost Analysis Case Study
From the Energy Budget Workbook
Electricity Cost [$/kWh]
Natural Gas Cost [$/m3]

11. Energy Cost Analysis Methodology
FACILITY LEVEL
Source: UCD
Board Profile Report (raw data)
Asset List Tab
use only the most recent fiscal year in the report
Source: Board Level Energy Budget Workbook (values from Slide 10)
electricity costs
natural gas costs
if applicable, each alternative utility cost (including water)

12. Energy Cost Analysis Methodology
FACILITY LEVEL
Generate the Board Profile (raw) for your board
Asset List Tab
Notes
this report contains the 5 most recent fiscal years
for this process, only the most recent fiscal year’s data is required
for clarity, you may want to delete the data for the other 4 fiscal years
Note
This process can applied to any fiscal year if desired

13. Energy Cost Analysis Methodology
Sample
Board Profile (raw)
Asset List Tab
most recent Fiscal Year only
e.g. delete the first 4 FY in the report
Notes
for demonstration purposes, only columns that are required for this analysis are shown on the slide
for simplicity, users may hide/delete columns that are not essential to this process

14. Energy Cost Analysis Methodology
2A. Insert a new column to identify “Facility Type/Status”
elementary
secondary
administrative
multi-use
2B. Delete all facilities from the list that are
sold
closed
demolished
Note
the rationale is that the energy consumption for these sites are not relevant for this exercise

15. Energy Cost Analysis Case Study
2A. Review Facilities Type/Status column
Notes
for demonstration purposes …
a new column has been inserted to identify the type of facility
each type of facility has been colour coded
elementary
secondary
administrative
sold, closed, and/or demolished
for facilities that have more than one facility type (administrative, school), use the type that has the highest energy intensity
multi-use buildings should be analyzed separately
due to space limitation on the slide, only 20 facilities are shown

16. Energy Cost Analysis Case Study
2B. Delete sold, closed and demolished facilities from the list
Notes
for demonstration purposes …
sold (SOLD)
closed (C)
demolished (D)
due to space limitation on the slide, only 20 facilities are shown

17. Energy Cost Analysis Methodology
3. Sort facilities by type
elementary
secondary
administrative
multi-use
Note
there are no multi-use facilities in the case study

18. Energy Costs Analysis Case Study
3. Sort Facilities by Type
Colour Code
elementary (E)
secondary (S)
administrative (A)
Note
due to limited space on the slide, only 20 facilities are shown

19. Energy Cost Analysis Methodology
4A. Insert three (3) new columns into the Asset List Tab
Electricity Cost by Area
Natural Gas Cost by Area
Total (Electricity and Natural Gas) Cost by Area
Notes
due to limited space on the slide, only a small number of columns are shown
new columns should be inserted after the “Energy Intensity” column

20. Energy Costs Methodology
4B. Apply the calculated values for each utility to every facility’s consumption to determine the cost
Electricity Cost by Area ($/ft2)
= Electricity Intensity (kWh/ft2) x Electricity Cost ($/kWh)
Natural Gas Cost by Area ($/ft2)
Natural Gas Intensity (ekWh/ft2) x Natural Gas Cost ($/m3)
10.32
Notes
when using $/m3 (Natural Gas Cost) you must convert m3 to ekWh
divide by 10.32
ensure same unit of measurement is used in both the Energy Budget Workbook calculation and Board Profile/Asset List
Total (Electricity and Natural Gas) Cost by Area
= Electricity Cost by Area + Natural Gas Cost by Area

21. Energy Cost Analysis Case Study
4B. Apply the calculated values for each utility to every facility’s consumption to determine the cost
from the Energy Budget Workbook (board level)
$0.1553/kWh - Electricity
$0.2040/m3 – Natural Gas

22. Energy Cost Analysis Methodology
5. Calculate the Weighted Average for each type of facility
for the following columns
Electricity Intensity
Natural Gas Intensity
Total Energy Intensity
Electricity Cost By Area
Natural Gas Cost By Area
Total Cost By Area

23. Energy Cost Analysis Methodology
How to Calculate the Weighted Average
add each of the following columns by type and use the “total value” to calculate the Weighted Average value
Weighted Average Calculations (by type)
Total Electricity Intensity
= Total Electricity Consumed (kWh)/Total Building Area(ft2)
Total Natural Gas Intensity
= Total Natural Gas Consumed (m3) x 10.32/Total Building Area (ft2)
Total Energy Intensity
= Total Energy Consumed (ekWh)/Total Building Area (ft2)
Electricity Cost By Area
= Total Electricity Intensity (kWh/ft2) x Electricity Cost ($/kWh)
Natural Gas Cost By Area
= Total Natural Gas Intensity (ekWh/ft2) x Natural Gas Cost ($/m3)/10.32*
Total Energy Cost By Area
= Electricity Cost By Area + Natural Gas Cost By Area
Note
* See slide 20 for explanation re: conversion m3 to ekWh

24. Energy Cost Analysis Methodology
How to Calculate the Weighted Average cont’d

25. Energy Cost Analysis Case Study
Calculating the Weighted Average
Case Study – Elementary Schools

26. Energy Cost Analysis Methodology
6. Using the Total Cost by Area column, sort each type of facility from highest to lowest value
elementary
secondary
administrative
multi-use

27. Energy Cost Analysis Case Study
6. Sort the “Total Cost by Area” column from highest to lowest
Note
due to space limitation on the slide, only 20 elementary schools are shown

28. Energy Cost Analysis Methodology
7. Identify all facilities that have “Cost By Area” values greater than the Weighted Average
Electricity Cost By Area
Natural Gas Cost By Area
Total Cost By Area

29. Energy Cost Analysis Case Study
7. Identify facilities with “Cost By Area” values greater than the Weighted Average
Notes
due to space limitation on the slide, only 20 elementary schools are shown
Weighted averages based on values for all elementary schools in the case study

30. Energy Cost Analysis Methodology
8. Repeat the methodology for each remaining type of facility
outlined in slides 19-29
secondary
Note
you likely won’t have enough administrative and multi-use facilities for this process to be justified
however it is a best practice to review the intensity and costs against the values of your secondary schools

31. Energy Cost Analysis Methodology
Next Step …
Conduct Internal Performance Benchmarking

32. Performance Benchmarking
Internal
Performance Benchmarking

33. Performance Benchmarking Definitions
a performance benchmark is a numerical standard that is used to compare two or more things. The comparison allows the user to identify and prioritize action items to improve the energy performance for individual buildings.
There are two types of performance benchmarking:
Internal
comparison of energy intensity between similar buildings within a board
raw data
External
comparison of energy intensity between similar buildings across the education sector
weather normalized
Note
external performance benchmarking is not demonstrated in the case study

34. Internal Performance Benchmarking Definition
identifies if a board is electricity or gas intensive
based on calculated averages
allows a board to measure their exposure to risk of volatile utility costs
identifies buildings with both high energy intensity and high energy costs
prioritize these sites for implementing energy management strategies
allows a board to assess the energy performance of similar sites

35. Internal Performance Benchmarking
Background
Rationale
performance benchmarking provides insight into the energy cost analysis that was just demonstrated
identifies the facilities that are highest priority for energy management strategies
identifies which utility (electricity and/or natural gas … and/or alternative utilities – if applicable) should be the focus of the energy management strategy at each facility

36. Internal Performance Benchmarking Methodology
Identify all facilities (by type) that have “intensity” values greater than the Weighted Average
Electricity Intensity
Natural Gas Intensity
Total Energy Intensity
Note
continue using the Board Profile - Asset tab that was developed for the Energy Cost Analysis section of this presentation

37. Internal Performance Benchmarking Case Study
1. Identify facilities with intensity values greater than the Weighted Average
Note
due to space limitation on the slide, only 20 elementary schools are shown

38. Internal Performance Benchmarking Methodology
2. Review the following columns as a whole
identify sites where all or the majority of columns indicate that the value is greater than the Weighted Average
Electricity Intensity
Natural Gas Intensity
Total Energy Intensity
Electricity Cost By Area
Natural Gas Cost By Area
Total Cost By Area

39. Internal Performance Benchmarking Case Study
2. Rank each type of facility by “Energy Intensity” from highest to lowest
Notes
due to space limitation on the slide, only 20 elementary schools are shown

40. Internal Performance Benchmarking Case Study
3. Rank each type of facility by “Total Cost by Area” from highest to lowest
Note
due to space limitation on the slide, only 20 elementary schools are shown

41. Internal Performance Benchmarking Methodology
Total Cost by Area vs Energy Intensity
facilities should be prioritized based on the board’s need
cost control
highest total costs
emissions (carbon footprint)
highest energy intensity

42. Internal Performance Benchmarking Case Study
Total Cost by Area vs Energy Intensity

43. Internal Performance Benchmarking Methodology
4. Prioritize facilities based on
highest Total Cost by Area
highest Energy Intensity 2 1

44. Internal Performance Benchmarking Case Study
4. Prioritize facilities
elementary schools

45. Internal Performance Benchmarking Methodology
Note
industry standards for intensity values in schools may also be used as a comparator for performance benchmarks
Source: TRCA Sustainable Schools White Paper

46. Internal Performance Benchmarking Methodology
5. Repeat the methodology for each type of facility
outlined in slides 36-44
secondary
Note
you likely won’t have enough administrative and multi-use facilities for this process to be justified
however it is a best practice to review the intensity and costs against the values of your secondary schools

47. Next Steps

48. Next Steps Review each of the poorest performing sites
is there an obvious reason why electricity or natural gas intensity/costs are high?
data
are consumption values in the UCD accurate?
are the board financial values correct?
equipment
based on the utility that has the higher intensity
equipment near end of lifecycle
HVAC system design to identify possible energy conservation projects

49. Next Steps Review cont’d operations identify opportunities to improve
scheduling
board policies
standard temperatures
commissioning/re-commissioning/retro-commissioning of equipment
electrically-heated schools (includes ground source heat pumps)
where energy is being used in the building
IT equipment
domestic hot water system
childcare

50. Next Steps Review cont’d how the school building is being used
community use of school
before & after school programs
childcare
energy procurement strategies
does your board participate in an electricity and natural gas procurement consortium?

51. Analyzing Energy Costs & Performance Benchmarking
Send your questions to the UCD Help Desk
Phone: (416) ext. 115