1. FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS A MULTILEVEL SYSTEM OF PROTECTION
Claudia Pretto
Ph.D in Constitutional Comparative Law

2. International compulsory obligation
International human rights law (IHRL) is the body of international law designed to promote human rights at the International, regional, and domestic levels. As a form of international law, international human rights law is primarily made up of treaties, agreements between sovereign states intended to have binding legal effect between the parties that have agreed to them; and customary international law. Other international human rights instruments while not legally binding contribute to the implementation, understanding and development of international human rights law and have been recognized as a source of political obligation.

3. How Does International Law Protect Human Rights?
International human rights law lays down obligations which States are bound to respect. By becoming parties to international treaties, States assume obligations and duties under international law to respect, to protect and to fulfil human rights. The obligation to respect means that States must refrain from interfering with or curtailing the enjoyment of human rights. The obligation to protect requires States to protect individuals and groups against human rights abuses. The obligation to fulfil means that States must take positive action to facilitate the enjoyment of basic human rights.
Through ratification of international human rights treaties, Governments undertake to put into place domestic measures and legislation compatible with their treaty obligations and duties. The domestic legal system, therefore, provides the principal legal protection of human rights guaranteed under international law. Where domestic legal proceedings fail to address human rights abuses, mechanisms and procedures for individual and group complaints are available at the regional and international levels to help ensure that international human rights standards are indeed respected, implemented, and enforced at the local level.

4. INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES AND CONVENTION ( ART 31 OF THE VIENNA CONVENTION ON TRETIES)
COSTUMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW ( ART 53 OF THE Vienna Convention on Treaties
REGIONAL INSTRUMENTS
COSTITUTIONAL LAW THAT REMINDS TO COSTUMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW
SOFT LAW : THAT REMINDS TO COSTUMARY LAW AND INTERNATIONAL HUMANR RIGHTS LAW

5. JUS COGENS ART 53 VIENNA CONVENTION
Article 53. TREATIES CONFLICTING WITH A PEREMPTORY NORM OF GENERAL INTERNATIONAL LAW ("JUS COGENS") A treaty is void if, at the time of its conclusion, it conflicts with a peremptory norm of general international law. For the purposes of the present Convention, a peremptory norm of general international law is a norm accepted and recognized by the international community of States as a whole as a norm from which no derogation is permitted and which can be modified only by a subsequent norm of general international law having the same character

6. The Core International Human Rights Instruments and their monitoring bodies
Each of these  instruments has established a committee of experts to monitor implementation of the treaty provisions by its States parties.
Some of the treaties are supplemented by optional protocols dealing with specific concerns whereas the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture establishes a committee of experts.

7. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 16 Dec 1966 CCPR
Date
Monitoring Body
ICERD
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
21 Dec 1965
CERD
ICCPR
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
16 Dec 1966
CCPR
ICESCR
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
CESCR
CEDAW
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
18 Dec 1979
CAT
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
10 Dec 1984
CRC
Convention on the Rights of the Child
20 Nov 1989

8. CRC
Convention on the Rights of the Child
20 Nov 1989
ICMW
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
18 Dec 1990
CMW
CPED
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
20 Dec 2006
CED
CRPD
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
13 Dec 2006
ICESCR - OP
Optional Protocol to the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
10 Dec 2008
CESCR
ICCPR-OP1
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
16 Dec 1966
CCPR
ICCPR-OP2
Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty
15 Dec 1989
OP-CEDAW
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
10 Dec 1999
CEDAW

9. OP-CRC-AC
Optional protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict
25 May 2000
CRC
OP-CRC-SC
Optional protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography
OP-CRC-IC
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure
14 Apr 2014
OP-CAT
Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
18 Dec 2002
SPT
OP-CRPD
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
12 Dec 2006
CRPD

10. JUS COGENS RIGHTS V LAW
VIENNA CONVENTION , ARTICLE 31 , ARTICLE 53
NON REOFULMENT PRINCIPLE
ART 31 OF GENEVA CONVENTION
SEA , RESCUE OPERATION
CODE OF CONDUCT IMPOSED BY THE ITALIAN MINISTER OF INTERIOR TO NGO, CRIME OF SOLIDARITY
RADBRUCH FORMULA

11. MONITORING SYSTEM BODIES AND THEIR EFFECTIVE POWER
BODIES INSTRUMENTS ( SUCH AS UNHCR GUIDLINES)
AMICUS CURIAE
GLOBAL- MULTILEVEL SYSTEM OF PROTECTION

12. ESECUTIVE POWER LEGISLATIVE JUDICIARY MONITORING BODIES
CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
RIGHTS PROTECTION